Nitrate Application Induces Adventitious Root Growth by Regulating Gene Expression Patterns in Apple Rootstocks

Tahir, Muhammad Mobeen; Lu, Zhan; Wang, Chaojun; Shah, Kamran; Li, Shaohuan; Zhang, Xiaoyun; Mao, Jiangping; Liu, Yu; Shalmani, Abdullah; Li, Ke; Bao, Liang; Zhang, Dong

doi:10.1007/s00344-021-10527-8

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Generally, root development was enhanced by N and/or P deficiency, although P deficiency promoted root elongation, while N deficiency did not, and similarities existed between the root morphology under N+P deficit condition and that under P deficit and N deficit conditions, respectively, but the effect of N+P deficiency on root morphogenesis was not the accumulation of effects of P deficiency and N deficiency, and compared with P deficiency, root development was weakened under N+P deficiency ( Figures 1 , 2 ). These results suggested that the ‘M9-T337’ rootstock is highly plastic and responsive to the changing soil environment ( Ma et al., 2020 ; Tahir et al., 2021a ; Tahir et al., 2021b ; Zhang et al., 2021b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Comparative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal mechanisms of apple dwarfing rootstock root morphogenesis under nitrogen and/or phosphorus deficient conditions

et al. 2023

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Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are essential phytomacronutrients, and deficiencies in these two elements limit growth and yield in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). The rootstock plays a key role in the nutrient uptake and environmental adaptation of apple. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of N and/or P deficiency on hydroponically-grown dwarfing rootstock ‘M9-T337’ seedlings, particularly the roots, by performing an integrated physiological, transcriptomics-, and metabolomics-based analyses. Compared to N and P sufficiency, N and/or P deficiency inhibited aboveground growth, increased the partitioning of total N and total P in roots, enhanced the total number of tips, length, volume, and surface area of roots, and improved the root-to-shoot ratio. P and/or N deficiency inhibited NO3 − influx into roots, and H+ pumps played a important role in the response to P and/or N deficiency. Conjoint analysis of differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites in roots revealed that N and/or P deficiency altered the biosynthesis of cell wall components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. The expression of MdEXPA4 and MdEXLB1, two cell wall expansin genes, were shown to be induced by N and/or P deficiency. Overexpression of MdEXPA4 enhanced root development and improved tolerance to N and/or P deficiency in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In addition, overexpression of MdEXLB1 in transgenic Solanum lycopersicum seedlings increased the root surface area and promoted acquisition of N and P, thereby facilitating plant growth and adaptation to N and/or P deficiency. Collectively, these results provided a reference for improving root architecture in dwarfing rootstock and furthering our understanding of integration between N and P signaling pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Comparative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal mechanisms of apple dwarfing rootstock root morphogenesis under nitrogen and/or phosphorus deficient conditions

et al. 2023

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“…Cyclin gene expression has previously been associated with nitrate‐induced AR formation in apples. The expression was induced by optimum nitrate and inhabited by high nitrate, and it led to promoting and repressing ARs, respectively (Tahir et al, 2021c). Similarly, most cell cycle and cell division genes were upregulated in WT‐LN_vs_OE_LN and downregulated in WT_LN_vs_RNAi_LN and OE_LN_vs_RNAi_LN, showing that these genes play key roles in OE microshoots in response to LN (Supporting Information: Figure and Table ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the complicated networks contribute to adventitious rooting in transgenic MdWOX11 apple microshoots under nitrate treatments

Tahir

Tong

Fan

et al. 2022

Plant Cell & Environment

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Adventitious root formation is a bottleneck for the mass propagation of microshoots, and nitrate is an essential nutrient regulating adventitious roots. WOX11 is involved in adventitious rooting. But the crosstalk between nitrate and WOX11 is completely unknown. In this study, MdWOX11 transgenic apple microshoots were grown on different nitrate treatments. Low nitrate promotes adventitious rooting in overexpressed microshoots more than wild type and RNA interference microshoots. In contrast, medium nitrate significantly inhibits it in overexpressed and RNA interference microshoots compared with wild type microshoots. Stem anatomy indicated that medium nitrate delays root primordia formation compared with low nitrate. Methyl jasmonate and zeatin riboside played positive and negative roles in adventitious rooting, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the phenotypes better. Hormone signalling, sugar metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, cell cycle and root development pathway‐related genes were selected for their potential involvement in adventitious rooting. Results suggest that nitrogen signaling and MdWOX11 expression affect cytokinin accumulation and response to cytokinin through regulating the expression of genes related to cytokinin synthesis and transduction pathways, which ultimately affect adventitious rooting. This study provided important insights into the complicated networks involved in adventitious rooting in transgenic microshoots under nitrate treatments.

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“…Our prior work describes the detailed process of RT-qPCR analysis [59][60][61]. The apple actin gene was used for normalization [4,62,63]. The relative expression was calculated by 2 ∆∆Ct [64].…”

Section: Rt-qpcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the formation process is divided into three stages: induction, initiation, and emergence. The induction stage is important for molecular reprogramming, and the initiation stage is vital for root primordia formation [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Multiple Genes and Complex Hormonal-Mediated Interactions with PEG during Adventitious Root Formation in Apple

Tahir

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Adventitious root (AR) formation is a bottleneck for the mass propagation of apple rootstocks, and water stress severely restricts it. Different hormones and sugar signaling pathways in apple clones determine AR formation under water stress, but these are not entirely understood. To identify them, GL-3 stem cuttings were cultured on polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment. The AR formation was dramatically decreased compared with the PEG-free control (CK) cuttings by increasing the endogenous contents of abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and methyl jasmonate (JA-me) and reducing the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) contents. We performed a transcriptomic analysis to identify the responses behind the phenotype. A total of 3204 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between CK and PEG, with 1702 upregulated and 1502 downregulated genes. Investigation revealed that approximately 312 DEGs were strongly enriched in hormone signaling, sugar metabolism, root development, and cell cycle-related pathways. Thus, they were selected for their possible involvement in adventitious rooting. However, the higher accumulation of ABA, ZR, and JA-me contents and the upregulation of their related genes, as well as the downregulation of sugar metabolism-related genes, lead to the inhibition of ARs. These results indicate that AR formation is a complicated biological process chiefly influenced by multiple hormonal signaling pathways and sugar metabolism. This is the first study to demonstrate how PEG inhibits AR formation in apple plants.

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Nitrate Application Induces Adventitious Root Growth by Regulating Gene Expression Patterns in Apple Rootstocks

Cited by 8 publications

References 59 publications

Comparative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal mechanisms of apple dwarfing rootstock root morphogenesis under nitrogen and/or phosphorus deficient conditions

Comparative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal mechanisms of apple dwarfing rootstock root morphogenesis under nitrogen and/or phosphorus deficient conditions

Insights into the complicated networks contribute to adventitious rooting in transgenic MdWOX11 apple microshoots under nitrate treatments

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Multiple Genes and Complex Hormonal-Mediated Interactions with PEG during Adventitious Root Formation in Apple

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