Nitrate and Water Present in and Flowing from Root‐Zone Soil

Weed, D. A. J.; Kanwar, Rameshwar S.

doi:10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500040010x

Cited by 102 publications

(96 citation statements)

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“…Figs. 1 and 2 also confirmed previous conclusions that no consistent tillage effects were observed for drain flow and nitrate-N loss in drain flow in the long-term field study (Weed et al, 1995;Weed and Kanwar, 1996). Consistently, the results showed an increase in flow-weighted N concentration with increasing tillage intensity from NT to RT to CP to MP.…”

Section: Simulated and Measured Tillage Effectssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Tillage had minimum effects on N loss to drain flow under CC as reported by Randall and Iragavarapu (1995), with slightly lower N loss simulated under NT than under MP (5%) and CP (5%) under CS (Table 4). Weed and Kanwar (1996) also reported lower N losses in drain flow under NT from 1990 to 1992 than other tillage (MP, CP, and RT). In contrast, Bakhsh et al (2002) observed the exact opposite tillage effects on N losses in drain flow from 1993 to 1998.…”

Section: Simulated Long-term Crop Rotation and Tillage Effectsmentioning

confidence: 75%

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RZWQM simulated effects of crop rotation, tillage, and controlled drainage on crop yield and nitrate-N loss in drain flow

Ma¹,

Malone²,

Heilman

et al. 2007

Geoderma

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Accurate simulation of agricultural management effects on N loss in tile drainage is vitally important for understanding hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. An experimental study was initiated in 1978 at Nashua, Iowa of the USA to study long-term effects of tillage, crop rotation, and N management practices on subsurface drainage flow and associated N losses. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was applied to evaluate various management effects in several previous studies. In this study, the simulation results were further analyzed for management effects (tillage, crop rotation, and controlled drainage) on crop production and N loss in drain flow. RZWQM simulated the observed increase in N concentration in drain flow with increasing tillage intensity from NT (no-till) to RT (ridge till) to CP (chisel plow) and to MP (moldboard plow). It also adequately simulated tillage effects on yearly drain flow and yearly N loss in drain flow. However, the model failed to simulate lower corn and soybean yields under NT than under MP, CP, and RT. On the other hand, RZWQM adequately simulated lower yearly drain flow and lower flow-weighted N concentration in drain flow under CS (corn-soybean) and SC (soybean-corn) than under CC (continuous corn). The model adequately simulated higher corn yield under CS and SC than under CC. Applying the newly suggested N management practice for the Midwest of controlled drainage, the model simulated a 30% reduction in drain flow and a 29% decrease in N losses in drain flow under controlled drainage (CD) compared to free drainage (FD). With most of the simulations in reasonably close agreement with observations, we concluded that RZWQM is a promising tool for quantifying the relative effects of tillage, crop rotation, and controlled drainage on N loss in drainage flow. Further improvements on simulated management effects on crop yield and N mineralization are needed, however. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. AbstractAccurate simulation of agricultural management effects on N loss in tile drainage is vitally important for understanding hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. An experimental study was initiated in 1978 at Nashua, Iowa of the USA to study long-term effects of tillage, crop rotation, and N management practices on subsurface drainage flow and associated N losses. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was applied to evaluate various management effects in several previous studies. In this study, the simulation results were further analyzed for management effects (tillage, crop rotation, and controlled drainage) on crop production and N loss in drain flow. RZWQM simulated the observed increase in N concentration in drain flow with increasing tillage intensity from NT (no-till) to RT (ridge till) to CP (chisel plow) and to MP (moldboard plow). It also adequately simulated tillage effects on yearly drain flow and yearly N loss in drain flow....

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Section: Simulated and Measured Tillage Effectssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Simulated Long-term Crop Rotation and Tillage Effectsmentioning

confidence: 75%

RZWQM simulated effects of crop rotation, tillage, and controlled drainage on crop yield and nitrate-N loss in drain flow

Ma¹,

Malone²,

Heilman

et al. 2007

Geoderma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some predictions were inaccurate because tillage effects on infiltration were not simulated. No-till (NT) drained more than moldboard plow (MP) from the Nashua fields possibly because increased plant residue reduced evaporation and rainfall infiltration increased (Weed and Kanwar, 1996). For example, 1990 drainage from plot 2 (MP) was overpredicted while the 1990 drainage from plot 15 (NT) was more accurately predicted (Fig.…”

Section: Drain Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating and predicting agricultural management effects under tile drainage using modified APSIM

et al. 2007

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An accurate and management sensitive simulation model for tile-drained Midwestern soils is needed to optimize the use of agricultural management practices (e.g., winter cover crops) to reduce nitrate leaching without adversely affecting corn yield. Our objectives were to enhance the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) for tile drainage, test the modified model for several management scenarios, and then predict nitrate leaching with and without winter wheat cover crop. Twelve years of data (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001) from northeast Iowa were used for model testing. Management scenarios included continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations with single or split N applications. For 38 of 44 observations, yearly drain flow was simulated within 50 mm of observed for low drainage (< 100 mm) or within 30% of observed for high drain flow. Corn yield was simulated within 1500 kg/ha for 12 of 24 observations. For 30 of 45 observations yearly nitrate-N loss in tile drains was simulated within 10 kg N/ha for low nitrate-N loss (< 20 kg N/ha) or within 30% of observed for high nitrate-N loss. Several of the poor yield and nitrate-N loss predictions appear related to poor N-uptake simulations. The model accurately predicted greater corn yield under split application kg N/ha) compared to single 110 kg N/ha application and higher drainage and nitrate-N loss under continuous corn compared to corn/soybean rotations. A winter wheat cover crop was predicted to reduce nitrate-N loss 38% (341 vs. 537 kg N/ha with and without cover) under 41-years of corn-soybean rotations and 150 kg N/ha applied to corn. These results suggest that the modified APSIM model is a promising tool to help estimate the relative effect of alternative management practices under fluctuating high water tables. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. AbstractAn accurate and management sensitive simulation model for tile-drained Midwestern soils is needed to optimize the use of agricultural management practices (e.g., winter cover crops) to reduce nitrate leaching without adversely affecting corn yield. Our objectives were to enhance the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) for tile drainage, test the modified model for several management scenarios, and then predict nitrate leaching with and without winter wheat cover crop. Twelve years of data (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001) from northeast Iowa were used for model testing. Management scenarios included continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations with single or split N applications. For 38 of 44 observations, yearly drain flow was simulated within 50 mm of observed for low drainage (b 100 mm) or within 30% of observed for high drain flow. Corn yield was simulated within 1500 kg/ha for 12 of 24 observations. For 30 of 45 observations yearly nitrate-N loss in tile ...

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“…Dou et al (1995) reported higher fall soil profile NO 3 -for corn combined with a legume green manure cover crop than for soil under corn alone and fertilised at the economic optimum rate. Nevertheless, Weed and Kanwar (1996) and Izaurralde et al (1995) reported lower NO 3 -contents below the root zone and in the drainage water for two types of rotations including both cereals and legumes than for cereal under monoculture. Higher NO 3 -in the soil profile is only indicative of a risk, but does not necessarily translate into significant N losses through denitrification or NO 3 -leaching.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Furthermore, conflicting evidence exists on the effects of multiple cropping systems including a legume component on N loss reduction (Izaurralde et al 1995;Owens et al 1995;Weed and Kanwar 1996;Høgh-Jensen and Schjoerring 1997;Kuo et al 1997). While legume cover crop can reduce NO 3 -leaching by taking up soil mineral N (Francis et al 1998), the mineralisation of N from legume residues can increase the soluble mineral soil N pool for subsequent transfer if it is released at a time that is not synchronised with plant uptake (Campbell et al 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Underseeded clover as a nitrogen source for spring wheat on a Gleysol

Garand¹,

Simard²,

MacKenzie³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2001. Underseeded clover as a nitrogen source for spring wheat on a Gleysol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 93-102. Although there is a potential to substantially reduce N fertiliser inputs by cropping spring cereals with an interseeded legume, the agronomic value and the nitrate catch-crop effect associated with this practice are not documented under the conditions of eastern Canada. This 3-yr study estimated N credits and non-N nutritional effects for interseeded clover (Trifolium pratense L. 'Arlington') in spring wheat production (Triticum aestivum L. 'Algot') and assessed fall and spring nitrate (NO 3 -) in soil. The soil is a St. Urbain clay (Orthic Gleysol) located in the St. Lawrence lowlands. Ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) was applied at 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha -1 with or without red clover as a companion crop. Clover was incorporated as a green manure crop in mid-November. Clover significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced wheat yield response to N fertilisation for 2 of the 3 yr. Clover did not reduce wheat grain yield through competition between the two plant species. Higher wheat yields with clover were attributed to N supplied by clover through mineralisation of residues incorporated in the soil the previous fall. Nitrogen fertiliser replacement value of clover was approximately 80 kg N ha -1 for 1994 and 1995. Clover occasionally increased NO 3 --N measured in the soil profile in late fall and in spring. Interseeded red clover may provide most of the N needs of a companion spring wheat crop in fine-textured gleysolic soils, but is an inefficient N catch-crop.

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Nitrate and Water Present in and Flowing from Root‐Zone Soil

Cited by 102 publications

References 0 publications

RZWQM simulated effects of crop rotation, tillage, and controlled drainage on crop yield and nitrate-N loss in drain flow

RZWQM simulated effects of crop rotation, tillage, and controlled drainage on crop yield and nitrate-N loss in drain flow

Evaluating and predicting agricultural management effects under tile drainage using modified APSIM

Underseeded clover as a nitrogen source for spring wheat on a Gleysol

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