Nitrate and oxalate in germplasm collections of spinach and other leafy vegetables

Solberg, Svein Øivind; Axelsson, F.

doi:10.9755/ejfa.2015-04-050

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The chemical composition of spinach has been shown to differ significantly between cultivars, including oxalic acid, nitrate, vitamin C, lutein, carotenoid and phenolic content (Murphy and Morelock 2000;Murphy 2001;Howard et al 2002;Pandjaitan et al 2005;Solberg et al 2015;Wang et al 2018b). Although nutritional composition is known to be influenced by factors such as cultivation method and storage procedures (Lester et al 2010;Koh et al 2012), the large variation observed among cultivars indicates a genetic basis, suggesting that nutritional quality can be improved by plant breeding (Howard et al 2002); Morelock and Correll 2008;Wang et al 2018b).…”

Section: Breeding For Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

et al. 2020

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This paper addresses the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach as a comprehensive review of these crop aspects is currently unavailable. It is shown that the availability of genetic resources of wild relatives belonging to the primary gene pool is currently very limited, which hampers breeding and research activities. Therefore, new collecting expeditions are clearly warranted. The domestication of spinach is discussed on the basis of its presumed migration routes and the traits that were probably involved in the domestication syndrome. Spinach is thought to have domesticated in former Persia. Migration then occurred eastwards to China and westwards to Europe, but additional genetic data are needed to reveal the most likely migration routes. Morphological changes in pistillate flowers and loss of dormancy are identified as the main traits involved in the domestication syndrome of spinach. To a large extent we could reconstruct the relationships between spinach cultivars that were developed until the 1950s, but this appeared difficult for the more recent cultivars due to intellectual property protection by breeding companies. Resistance against downy mildew has been the main breeding target in spinach. The introgression of NBS-LRR resistance genes from wild relatives is the major strategy to develop downy mildew resistant cultivars. However, the use of lossof-function alleles of susceptibility genes may provide a more durable strategy to develop resistant cultivars. So far, abiotic resistance and quality traits have received minor attention in spinach research and breeding. This is expected to change considering the potential effects of climate change on these traits.

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Section: Breeding For Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

et al. 2020

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“…s pinaciae ( Pfs ) 1 4 . Several studies have also demonstrated that wide variations in important traits including carotenoid and folate concentrations 1 5 and oxalate and nitrate contents 6 7 exist in spinach germplasm, providing new breeding targets for spinach improvement. Nevertheless, genetic diversity among spinach germplasm remains largely unexplored at the molecular level with only limited studies spanning useful but relatively small collections of spinach accessions 8 9 10 11 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Draft genome of spinach and transcriptome diversity of 120 Spinacia accessions

et al. 2017

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Spinach is an important leafy vegetable enriched with multiple necessary nutrients. Here we report the draft genome sequence of spinach (Spinacia oleracea, 2n=12), which contains 25,495 protein-coding genes. The spinach genome is highly repetitive with 74.4% of its content in the form of transposable elements. No recent whole genome duplication events are observed in spinach. Genome syntenic analysis between spinach and sugar beet suggests substantial inter- and intra-chromosome rearrangements during the Caryophyllales genome evolution. Transcriptome sequencing of 120 cultivated and wild spinach accessions reveals more than 420 K variants. Our data suggests that S. turkestanica is likely the direct progenitor of cultivated spinach and spinach domestication has a weak bottleneck. We identify 93 domestication sweeps in the spinach genome, some of which are associated with important agronomic traits including bolting, flowering and leaf numbers. This study offers insights into spinach evolution and domestication and provides resources for spinach research and improvement.

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“…Furthermore, the concurrent upregulation of genes ( Table S5 ) involved in fatty acid oxidation—such as fatty acid beta-oxidation multifunctional protein (MFP2; Spo21149); acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (Spo01759); and 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (Spo21149), required to generate acetyl-CoA for the glyoxylate cycle—are consistent with increased ICL expression in PI 175311. It has been demonstrated that oxalate accumulation positively correlates with increasing amounts of nitrogen, especially NO 3 , in spinach [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Previously, we analyzed transcriptomic responses in leaf and root tissues in response to nitrogen perturbation in spinach [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strategies such as seasonal variations, genotypic differences, and modified agronomic techniques-such as nitrogen fertilizer managementhave been proposed for the management the oxalate content of vegetables. Several studies have demonstrated increased oxalate accumulation with increasing amounts of available NO 3 − in spinach [20][21][22] and rice [23]. Furthermore, manipulation of nitrogen forms or the ratio of NO 3 to NH 4 [24][25][26][27], along with seasonal and genetic effects [18], can also alter oxalate accumulation in spinach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Oxalate Metabolism in Spinach Revealed by RNA-Seq-Based Transcriptomic Analysis

Joshi

Penalosa

Joshi³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Although spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is considered to be one of the most nutrient-rich leafy vegetables, it is also a potent accumulator of anti-nutritional oxalate. Reducing oxalate content would increase the nutritional value of spinach by enhancing the dietary bioavailability of calcium and other minerals. This study aimed to investigate the proposed hypothesis that a complex network of genes associated with intrinsic metabolic and physiological processes regulates oxalate homeostasis in spinach. Transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) analysis of the leaf and root tissues of two spinach genotypes with contrasting oxalate phenotypes was performed under normal physiological conditions. A total of 2308 leaf- and 1686 root-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the high-oxalate spinach genotype. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of DEGs identified molecular functions associated with various enzymatic activities, while KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment of the metabolic and secondary metabolite pathways. The expression profiles of genes associated with distinct physiological processes suggested that the glyoxylate cycle, ascorbate degradation, and photorespiratory pathway may collectively regulate oxalate in spinach. The data support the idea that isocitrate lyase (ICL), ascorbate catabolism-related genes, and acyl-activating enzyme 3 (AAE3) all play roles in oxalate homeostasis in spinach. The findings from this study provide the foundation for novel insights into oxalate metabolism in spinach.

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Nitrate and oxalate in germplasm collections of spinach and other leafy vegetables

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

A review on the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

A review on the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Draft genome of spinach and transcriptome diversity of 120 Spinacia accessions

Regulation of Oxalate Metabolism in Spinach Revealed by RNA-Seq-Based Transcriptomic Analysis

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