Nitrate and Ammonium Leaching Losses from N Fertilizers Applied to `Penncross' Creeping Bentgrass

Mancino, C. F.; Troll, J.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.25.2.194

Cited by 39 publications

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“…Nitrate‐N losses from hybrid bermudagrass were greatest from plots fertilized with AN, followed, in order, by UF, Milorganite, UF and IBDU (Brown et al, 1982). In other work, total leaching losses (NO 3 –N and ammonium) were <0.5% of applied N, regardless of the N source (calcium NO 3 –N, AN, ammonium sulfate, urea, UF, or IBDU) (Mancino and Troll, 1990).…”

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confidence: 87%

“…When N rate was evaluated, loss of NO 3 –N from fertilized turfgrass was most often detected when excessive rates (3–6× the recommended rate) were applied (Rieke and Ellis, 1974; Brown et al, 1982; Mancino and Troll, 1990), a high rate of water soluble fertilizer was applied to a mature stand of turfgrass (Frank et al, 2006) or during turf establishment (Geron et al, 1993; Easton and Petrovic, 2004). Significant NO 3 –N leaching was not detected when N was applied at recommended rates for the turf species Kentucky bluegrass, St. Augustinegrass, and tall fescue (Miltner et al, 1996; Gross et al, 1990; Erickson et al, 2001, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…When N sources were evaluated in a leaching study, slow‐release N sources reduced NO 3 –N leaching from the turfgrass system (Nelson et al, 1980; Snyder et al, 1984; Easton and Petrovic, 2004; Guillard and Kopp, 2004; Petrovic, 2004; Shuman, 2006). Previous N source/leaching research often included ureaformaldehyde (UF), sulfur‐coated urea (SCU), Milorganite (activated sewage sludge) or isobutylidenediurea (IBDU), with studies evaluating those slow release sources over 50 to 180 d (Rieke and Ellis, 1974; Nelson et al, 1980; Brown et al, 1982; Snyder et al, 1984; Morton et al, 1988; Mancino and Troll, 1990). In turfgrasses fertilized with slow‐release N sources, NO 3 –N in leachate was often significantly reduced compared to turf fertilized with soluble sources such as ammonium nitrate (AN) or urea.…”

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Nitrate, Ammonium, and Urea Leaching in Hybrid Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Source

Guertal

Howe

2012

Agronomy Journal

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Nitrate leaching in turfgrass has been widely studied and found to increase when N was over-applied, soluble N sources were used, N was applied to sandy soils, or excessive irrigation was applied. Th e objective of this study was to evaluate N leaching as nitrate, ammonium, and urea from hybrid bermudagrass on three soils (Sumter clay [fi ne-silty, carbonatic, thermic Rendollic Eutrudept], Marvyn loamy sand [fi ne-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult], and sand) with three N sources (urea, polymer-coated urea, urea plus nitrifi cation/urease inhibitor) and a control. Field lysimeters were fertilized at 7.3 g N m -2 in July, and leachate collected for 10 to 12 wk each year for 2 yr. Leachate was analyzed for nitrate-N, ammonium-N, and urea-N. In the fi rst year, signifi cant nitrate-N was collected, regardless of N source. In that year nitrate-N in leachate from the clay soil frequently exceeded 10 mg N L -1 , even in the unfertilized treatment. High organic matter in the clay soil and N mineralization following construction contributed to nitrate leaching. In the second year, nitrate-N in leachate never exceeded 10 mg N L -1 , regardless of N source or soil type. Diff erences in total nitrate-N and ammonium-N leached due to N source were found in the loamy sand and sand soils, typically in the order: urea ≥ urea + inhibitor ≥ polymer-coated urea = unfertilized control. Small quantities of urea-N leached throughout the experiments. If applied at a recommended rate to established turfgrass, leaching of N did not present an environmental hazard. Use of a slow-release N source sometimes further reduced N losses in leachate.

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Nitrate, Ammonium, and Urea Leaching in Hybrid Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Source

Guertal

Howe

2012

Agronomy Journal

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“…This indicates that much of the N applied at lower rates of N application was being utilized by the growing turfgrass plants. It has been shown that inorganic N is rapidly used by growing turf (Allen et al, 1978;Mancino and Troll, 1990) and, in some cases, depleted within 2 to 4 d, primarily by biological immobilization (Bowman et al, 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Rate and Mowing Height Effects on TifEagle Bermudagrass Establishment

Guertal

Evans²

2006

Crop Science

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In the southeastern United States, ‘TifEagle’ hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L). Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] has become a selected cultivar for renovated or new bermudagrass putting greens, and its use has increased in popularity. However, there is limited research which examines TifEagle establishment, especially when cultural practices such as mowing height are included in the experimental design. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of N rate and mowing height on the percentage ground cover, shoot density, color, total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) content, and soil nitrate (NO3–N) and ammonium (NH4–N) content of TifEagle hybrid bermudagrass putting greens throughout three establishment years (2002, 2003, and 2004). Weekly applications of N were applied at 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 g N m−2 wk−1, and mowing height applied at 3.2, 3.9, and 4.8 mm. Almost every agronomic measure (percentage ground cover, shoot density, root or rhizome and stolon mass, color) responded to increased applications of N, with maximum ground cover and shoot density reached at N rates from 3.4 to 4.3 g N m−2 wk−1 Turf mowed under the lowest mowing height often had reduced turfgrass color and rhizome and stolon mass, compared with that mowed at 3.9 or 4.8 mm. Soil pH and residual NO3−N and NH4–N were almost always affected by N rate, but not by mowing height. For rapid establishment without significant reductions in shoot density, rhizome and stolon mass, and TNC, the highest N rate of 4.8 g N m−2 wk−1, as used in this study, was not needed.

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“…It has been reported that the NO 3 –N leaching losses from cool‐season turf are higher with soluble N formulations than with slow‐release formulations (Nelson et al, 1980; Mosdell and Schmidt, 1985; Sheard et al, 1985; Petrovic et al, 1986; Mancino and Troll, 1990; DeNobili et al, 1992; Geron et al, 1993; Engelsjord and Singh, 1997). Other factors in addition to N solubility will affect the leaching potential from turf and these include, but are not limited to, soil type, irrigation rate, N‐application rate, frequency and timing of fertilizer applications, stand density, rooting characteristics, and plant N demands (Petrovic, 1990).…”

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Nitrogen Fertilizer Form and Associated Nitrate Leaching from Cool‐Season Lawn Turf

Guillard

Kopp

2004

J of Env Quality

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Various N fertilizer sources are available for lawn turf. Few field studies, however, have determined the losses of nitrate (NO3–N) from lawns receiving different formulations of N fertilizers. The objectives of this study were to determine the differences in NO3–N leaching losses among various N fertilizer sources and to ascertain when losses were most likely to occur. The field experiment was set out in a completely random design on a turf typical of the lawns in southern New England. Treatments consisted of four fertilizer sources with fast‐ and slow‐release N formulations: (i) ammonium nitrate (AN), (ii) polymer‐coated sulfur‐coated urea (PCSCU), (iii) organic product, and (iv) a nonfertilized control. The experiment was conducted across three years and fertilized to supply a total of 147 kg N ha−1 yr−1 Percolate was collected with zero‐tension lysimeters. Flow‐weighted NO3–N concentrations were 4.6, 0.57, 0.31, and 0.18 mg L−1 for AN, PCSCU, organic, and the control, respectively. After correcting for control losses, average annual NO3–N leaching losses as a percentage of N applied were 16.8% for AN, 1.7% for PCSCU, and 0.6% for organic. Results indicate that NO3–N leaching losses from lawn turf in southern New England occur primarily during the late fall through the early spring. To reduce the threat of NO3–N leaching losses, lawn turf fertilizers should be formulated with a larger percentage of slow‐release N than soluble N.

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Nitrate and Ammonium Leaching Losses from N Fertilizers Applied to `Penncross' Creeping Bentgrass

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Nitrate, Ammonium, and Urea Leaching in Hybrid Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Source

Nitrate, Ammonium, and Urea Leaching in Hybrid Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Source

Nitrogen Rate and Mowing Height Effects on TifEagle Bermudagrass Establishment

Nitrogen Fertilizer Form and Associated Nitrate Leaching from Cool‐Season Lawn Turf

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