NIST Calibration Uncertainties of Thermistor Thermometers over the Range from −50 °C to 90 °C

Vaughn, C D.; Gartenhaus, J.; Strouse, Gregory F.

doi:10.1080/19315775.2006.11721320

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The temperature of various components of the system is monitored by six W 10 k thermistors, monitored with a Hart/Fluke BlackStack system, and calibrated in the NIST temperature calibration facility [21] to   0.002 C. These thermistors are The NIST x-ray diffraction goniometer system, in its  0.01 C temperature-regulated space. The control room is through the window visible at the back.…”

Section: Temperature Monitoring and Thermal Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-precision measurement of the x-ray Cu Kαspectrum

Mendenhall¹,

Henins²,

Hudson³

et al. 2017

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

106

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The structure of the X-ray emission lines of the Cu Kα complex has been remeasured on a newly commissioned instrument, in a manner directly traceable to the Système Internationale definition of the meter. In this measurement, the region from 8000 eV to 8100 eV has been covered with a highly precise angular scale, and well-defined system efficiency, providing accurate wavelengths and relative intensities. This measurement updates the standard multi-Lorentzian-fit parameters from Härtwig, Hölzer, et al., and is in modest disagreement with their results for the wavelength of the Kα1 line when compared via quadratic fitting of the peak top; the intensity ratio of Kα1 to Kα2 agrees within the combined error bounds. However, the position of the fitted top of Kα1 is very sensitive to the fit parameters, so it is not believed to be a robust value to quote without further qualification. We also provide accurate intensity and wavelength information for the so-called Kα3,4 “satellite” complex. Supplementary data is provided which gives the entire shape of the spectrum in this region, allowing it to be used directly in cases where simplified, multi-Lorentzian fits to it are not sufficiently accurate.

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Section: Temperature Monitoring and Thermal Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-precision measurement of the x-ray Cu Kαspectrum

Mendenhall¹,

Henins²,

Hudson³

et al. 2017

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

106

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“…After about year 2000, NIST calibration and testing of LiG thermometers utilized a computer-driven digital camera and 10× magnification to visualize the meniscus of the liquid column [100,103]. System resolution was 1/34 of the smallest stem division, equivalent to ±0.03 • C for a 1 • C/division LiG thermometer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LiG Metrology, Correlated Error, and the Integrity of the Global Surface Air-Temperature Record

Frank

2023

Sensors

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The published 95% uncertainty of the global surface air-temperature anomaly (GSATA) record through 1980 is impossibly less than the 2σ = ±0.25 °C lower limit of laboratory resolution of 1 °C/division liquid-in-glass (LiG) thermometers. The ~0.7 °C/century Joule-drift of lead- and soft-glass thermometer bulbs renders unreliable the entire historical air-temperature record through the 19th century. A circa 1900 Baudin meteorological spirit thermometer bulb exhibited intense Pb X-ray emission lines (10.55, 12.66, and 14.76 keV). Uncorrected LiG thermometer non-linearity leaves 1σ = ±0.27 °C uncertainty in land-surface air temperatures prior to 1981. The 2σ = ±0.43 °C from LiG resolution and non-linearity obscures most of the 20th century GSATA trend. Systematic sensor-measurement errors are highly pair-wise correlated, possibly across hundreds of km. Non-normal distributions of bucket and engine-intake difference SSTs disconfirm the assumption of random measurement error. Semivariogram analysis of ship SST measurements yields half the error difference mean, ±½Δε1,2, not the error mean. Transfer-function adjustment following a change of land station air-temperature sensor eliminates measurement independence and forward-propagates the antecedent uncertainty. LiG resolution limits, non-linearity, and sensor field calibrations yield GSATA mean ±2σ RMS uncertainties of, 1900–1945, ±1.7 °C; 1946–1980, ±2.1 °C; 1981–2004, ±2.0 °C; and 2005–2010, ±1.6 °C. Finally, the 20th century (1900–1999) GSATA, 0.74 ± 1.94 °C, does not convey any information about rate or magnitude of temperature change.

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“…The data were collected from 18°2 θ to 155°2 θ . The machine was located within a temperature-controlled laboratory space where the nominal short-range control of temperature was ±0.1 K. The temperature was monitored using two 10 kΩ thermistors with a Hart/Fluke BlackStack system that was calibrated at the NIST temperature calibration facility (Vaughn and Strouse, 2001) to ±0.002 K. The source was equilibrated at operating conditions for at least an hour prior to recording any certification data. The performance of the machine was qualified with the use of NIST SRM 660b (SRM 660b, 2010; Black et al , 2011) and SRM 676a using procedures discussed by Cline et al (2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Certification of Standard Reference Material 1879b respirable cristobalite

et al. 2018

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) certifies a suite of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) to address specific aspects of the performance of X-ray powder diffraction instruments. This report describes SRM 1879b, the third generation of this powder diffraction SRM. SRM 1879b is intended for use in the preparation of calibration standards for the quantitative analyses of cristobalite by X-ray powder diffraction in accordance with National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Analytical Method 7500, or equivalent. A unit of SRM 1879b consists of approximately 5 g of cristobalite powder bottled in an argon atmosphere. It is certified with respect to crystalline phase purity, or amorphous phase content, and lattice parameter. Neutron powder diffraction, both time-of-flight and constant-wavelength, was used to certify the phase purity using SRM 676a as an internal standard. A NIST-built diffractometer, incorporating many advanced design features was used for certification measurements for lattice parameters.

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NIST Calibration Uncertainties of Thermistor Thermometers over the Range from −50 °C to 90 °C

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

High-precision measurement of the x-ray Cu Kαspectrum

High-precision measurement of the x-ray Cu Kαspectrum

LiG Metrology, Correlated Error, and the Integrity of the Global Surface Air-Temperature Record

Certification of Standard Reference Material 1879b respirable cristobalite

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