NISQ computing: where are we and where do we go?

Abstract

In this short review article, we aim to provide physicists not working within the quantum computing community a hopefully easy-to-read introduction to the state of the art in the field, with minimal mathematics involved. In particular, we focus on what is termed the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum era of quantum computing. We describe how this is increasingly seen to be a distinct phase in the development of quantum computers, heralding an era where we have quantum computers that are capable of doing certain quantum computations in a limited fashion, and subject to certain constraints and noise. We further discuss the prominent algorithms that are believed to hold the most potential for this era, and also describe the competing physical platforms on which to build a quantum computer that have seen the most success so far. We then talk about the applications that are most feasible in the near-term, and finish off with a short discussion on the state of the field. We hope that as non-experts read this article, it will give context to the recent developments in quantum computers that have garnered much popular press, and help the community understand how to place such developments in the timeline of quantum computing.

Variational quantum simulation of partial differential equations: applications in colloidal transport

“…Although linear differential equations can be solved by the quantum linear solver algorithm (Berry et al , 2017; Harrow et al , 2009), the required resources are out of reach of the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices (Lau et al , 2022; Bharti et al , 2022; Preskill, 2018). In fact, practical near-term quantum algorithms are limited to those designed for short circuit depths, such as variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) (Cerezo et al , 2021), which use parameterized ansätze to optimize cost functions via variational updating.…”

Quantum‐Error‐Rejection for Hyperentanglement Transmission without Calibrated Reference Frames

“…In addition to providing as the information carrier in quantum communication, entanglement also makes longdistance quantum communication and quantum networks possible. What is more, entanglement plays important roles in field theory renormalizability, [22] QKD, [23] noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) quantum computing, [24] measurement [25] and DOI: 10.1002/andp.202200430 entanglement concentration. [26] Besides, hyperentanglement is a crucial resource for high-capacity quantum communication.…”

Phase Calibration of the Parametric Gate in the Superconducting Circuits

“…Implementation of the quantum computation and quantum simulation depends on the high-fidelity quantum gate. The current status of quantum computation is still in the NISQ era, [1] and a necessary step forward is to find more accurate gates so that quantum error correction can be performed and finally to realize fault-tolerant quantum computer. [2][3][4][5] In a superconducting quantum system, the protocol of the quantum gate is closely related to the architecture of the quantum chip, especially the two-qubit gate.…”