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Combustion Synthesis of CuO Nanomaterials: Effect of Different Fuels on the Structural, Thermal, and Optical Properties

“…ASTM standard G173-03(2020) was used for calculating the TSR for the synthesized CuO nanomaterials quite similar to the existing literature reports. 50,51,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64] The TSR for the synthesized CuO nanomaterials can be calculated by the following relation, Where, R(λ) is the spectral reflectance (Wm −2 ) obtained from the experiment and I(λ) is the standard solar spectral irradiance (Wm −2 nm −1 ). 50,51,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64] The different synthesized CuO nanomaterials yield a maximum TSR in the range of 16.8%-48.78%.…”

“…[23][24][25][26]37 Further, we believe that the type of fuel has a different effect on the formation of different types of oxide phases owing to the fuel efficiency, selection of oxidizer (metal precursor), temperature of the combustion reaction, method of ignition, ignition temperature, the amount of gases released, generated heat energy, etc. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] According to the report of Lutukurthi et al, 42 the ignition temperatures were below 400 °C for the combustion syntheses of simple oxides. Further, it has been found that ignition temperatures were 80 °C-900 °C for different types of oxide materials.…”

“…Further, it has been found that ignition temperatures were 80 °C-900 °C for different types of oxide materials. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] In combustion synthesis, fuel plays a major role in the completion of chemical reactions to form nanostructured materials. Various fuels have different chelating (complexing) power which will affect the physico-chemical properties of the combustion products.…”

“…Various fuels have different chelating (complexing) power which will affect the physico-chemical properties of the combustion products. [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] Generally, glycine and urea are known as potential fuels in the combustion synthesis of oxides. Further, the fuels having N-N bonds in their moieties support the combustion reaction significantly.…”

“…As there are no reports on combustion synthesis using several fuels on CuO nanomaterials, in this work, we have used aniline, citric acid monohydrate, dextrose, glycine, hexamine, oleic acid, sucrose, and urea for comparative investigation on the phase formation of combustion products. Unlike other methods of ignition such as pre-heated muffle furnace, ash furnace, electric oven, hot plate, [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] the present combustion syntheses were carried out at the heating mantle. Hence, the initial temperature of the redox solution placed at the pre-heated heating mantle is considered as the ignition temperature for the combustion synthesis conducted in the present work with different fuels.…”