NIR-II emissive donor–acceptor–donor fluorophores for dual fluorescence bioimaging and photothermal therapy applications
Nicholas E. Sparks,
Cameron Smith,
Terrence Stahl
et al.
Abstract:Fluorescence bioimaging with near-infrared II (NIR-II) emissive organic fluorophores has proven to be a viable noninvasive diagnostic technique. However, there is still the need for the development of fluorophores that...
“…Further validation of our proposed molecular descriptors was performed based on 50 non-MAP NIR-II dyes reported by other groups. − ,− These non-MAP NIR-II dyes could be classified into five types, including 14 BBT dyes, ,,,− ,,− 10 BODIPY dyes, ,− 12 xanthene dyes, ,− 12 polymethine dyes, ,,,, and 2 tetra-benzannulated xanthene dyes; , these basically covered most of the NIR-II dyes reported in previous works (Table S7). The absorption/emission wavelengths in the experiments and the corresponding values of the calculated Δ E gs and μ gs for these NIR-II dyes are summarized in Table S7.…”
Second near-infrared (NIR-II) optical imaging technology has emerged as a powerful tool for diagnostic and image-guided surgery due to its higher imaging contrast. However, a general strategy for efficiently designing NIR-II organic molecules is still lacking, because NIR-II dyes are usually difficult to synthesize, which has impeded the rapid development of NIR-II bioprobes. Herein, based on the theoretical calculations on 62 multiaryl-pyrrole (MAP) systems with spectra ranging from the visible to the NIR-II region, a continuous red shift of the spectra toward the NIR-II region could be achieved by adjusting the type and site of substituents on the MAPs. Two descriptors (ΔE gs and μ gs ) were identified as exhibiting strong correlations with the maximum absorption/ emission wavelengths, and the descriptors could be used to predict the emission spectrum in the NIR-II region only if ΔE gs ≤ 2.5 eV and μ gs ≤ 22.55 D. The experimental absorption and emission spectra of ten MAPs fully confirmed the theoretical predictions, and biological imaging in vivo of newly designed MAP23-BBT showed high spatial resolution in the NIR-II region in deep tissue angiography. More importantly, both descriptors of ΔE gs and μ gs have shown general applicability to most of the reported donor−acceptor−donor-type non-MAP NIR-II dyes. These results have broad implications for the efficient design of NIR-II dyes.
“…Further validation of our proposed molecular descriptors was performed based on 50 non-MAP NIR-II dyes reported by other groups. − ,− These non-MAP NIR-II dyes could be classified into five types, including 14 BBT dyes, ,,,− ,,− 10 BODIPY dyes, ,− 12 xanthene dyes, ,− 12 polymethine dyes, ,,,, and 2 tetra-benzannulated xanthene dyes; , these basically covered most of the NIR-II dyes reported in previous works (Table S7). The absorption/emission wavelengths in the experiments and the corresponding values of the calculated Δ E gs and μ gs for these NIR-II dyes are summarized in Table S7.…”
Second near-infrared (NIR-II) optical imaging technology has emerged as a powerful tool for diagnostic and image-guided surgery due to its higher imaging contrast. However, a general strategy for efficiently designing NIR-II organic molecules is still lacking, because NIR-II dyes are usually difficult to synthesize, which has impeded the rapid development of NIR-II bioprobes. Herein, based on the theoretical calculations on 62 multiaryl-pyrrole (MAP) systems with spectra ranging from the visible to the NIR-II region, a continuous red shift of the spectra toward the NIR-II region could be achieved by adjusting the type and site of substituents on the MAPs. Two descriptors (ΔE gs and μ gs ) were identified as exhibiting strong correlations with the maximum absorption/ emission wavelengths, and the descriptors could be used to predict the emission spectrum in the NIR-II region only if ΔE gs ≤ 2.5 eV and μ gs ≤ 22.55 D. The experimental absorption and emission spectra of ten MAPs fully confirmed the theoretical predictions, and biological imaging in vivo of newly designed MAP23-BBT showed high spatial resolution in the NIR-II region in deep tissue angiography. More importantly, both descriptors of ΔE gs and μ gs have shown general applicability to most of the reported donor−acceptor−donor-type non-MAP NIR-II dyes. These results have broad implications for the efficient design of NIR-II dyes.
Developing organic fluorescence molecule with multi-functional properties such as stimuli-responses, fluorescence tuning, sensing, white light emitting and bioimaging is highly desirable because of its application potential. Herein, we have synthesized...
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