NIR-II Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for Tumor Phototheranostics

Abstract

As an emerging and powerful material, aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), which could simultaneously provide a precise diagnosis and efficient therapeutics, have exhibited significant superiorities in the field of phototheranostics. Of particular interest is phototheranostics based on AIEgens with the emission in the range of second near-infrared (NIR-II) range (1000–1700 nm), which has promoted the feasibility of their clinical applications by virtue of numerous preponderances benefiting from the extremely long wavelength. In this minireview, we summarize the latest advances in the field of phototheranostics based on NIR-II AIEgens during the past 3 years, including the strategies of constructing NIR-II AIEgens and their applications in different theranostic modalities (FLI-guided PTT, PAI-guided PTT, and multimodal imaging-guided PDT–PTT synergistic therapy); in addition, a brief conclusion of perspectives and challenges in the field of phototheranostics is given at the end.

Optical diagnostic imaging and therapy for thyroid cancer

“…The two energy dissipation modalities of PTT and FI are in conflict with one another since energy is conserved. Therefore, the goal of NIR-guided PTT is to develop a method to balance photothermal effects (non-radiative decay) with fluorescence (radiative decay) [ 59 ]. Additionally, hyperthermia-induced inflammation might raise the danger of cancer recurrence.…”

“…Thus, combining two treatments may be a promising solution. PTT enhances the effect of PDT by increasing the blood flow rate to increase the oxygen concentration in the tumor microenvironment, and this effect in turn promotes the elimination of heat-resistant tumors in PDT [ 59 ]. In addition to PTT, other treatment modalities can also be integrated into the nanotherapy platform according to the patient's specific conditions.…”

Pyrene-Based AIE Active Materials for Bioimaging and Theranostics Applications

“…[ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. In particular, applications of AIE-active materials in opto-electronics, biosensors, imaging, therapeutic and theranostics are not only in great demand but also make a social impact [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. For example, tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives were noted as unique AIE-active materials towards sensing, bioimaging, therapeutics and theranostics utilities [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

A Water Soluble 2-Phenyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole Based Probe: Antimicrobial Activity and Colorimetric/Fluorescence pH Response

“…Optical probes offer in situ observation, real-time and fast-response monitoring, sensitivity, selectivity [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], and even by the non-invasive approach required for living tissues [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Colorimetric/fluorescent tools revolutionized the ability to probe biological dynamics at the cellular level on several platforms: small-molecule dyes, metal complexes, and fluorescent proteins [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”