“…and Sharma et al . where gold nanospheres decorated with layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and silica nanoparticles showed no absorbance in the NIR region, but demonstrated photothermal activity at 808 nm 60 , 61 . Figure 7 Cytotoxicity studies of NAu-rGO nanocomposite.…”
This article presents novel, rapid, and environmentally benign synthesis method for one-step reduction and decoration of graphene oxide with gold nanoparticles (NAuNPs) by using thermostable antimicrobial nisin peptides to form a gold-nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide (NAu-rGO) nanocomposite. The formed composite material was characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). HR-TEM analysis revealed the formation of spherical AuNPs of 5–30 nm in size on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets. A non-volatile-memory device was prepared based on a solution-processed ZnO thin-film transistor fabricated by inserting the NAu-rGO nanocomposite in the gate dielectric stack as a charge trapping medium. The transfer characteristic of the ZnO thin-film transistor memory device showed large clockwise hysteresis behaviour because of charge carrier trapping in the NAu-rGO nanocomposite. Under positive and negative bias conditions, clear positive and negative threshold voltage shifts occurred, which were attributed to charge carrier trapping and de-trapping in the ZnO/NAu-rGO/SiO2 structure. Also, the photothermal effect of the NAu-rGO nanocomposites on MCF7 breast cancer cells caused inhibition of ~80% cells after irradiation with infrared light (0.5 W cm−2) for 5 min.
“…and Sharma et al . where gold nanospheres decorated with layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and silica nanoparticles showed no absorbance in the NIR region, but demonstrated photothermal activity at 808 nm 60 , 61 . Figure 7 Cytotoxicity studies of NAu-rGO nanocomposite.…”
This article presents novel, rapid, and environmentally benign synthesis method for one-step reduction and decoration of graphene oxide with gold nanoparticles (NAuNPs) by using thermostable antimicrobial nisin peptides to form a gold-nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide (NAu-rGO) nanocomposite. The formed composite material was characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). HR-TEM analysis revealed the formation of spherical AuNPs of 5–30 nm in size on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets. A non-volatile-memory device was prepared based on a solution-processed ZnO thin-film transistor fabricated by inserting the NAu-rGO nanocomposite in the gate dielectric stack as a charge trapping medium. The transfer characteristic of the ZnO thin-film transistor memory device showed large clockwise hysteresis behaviour because of charge carrier trapping in the NAu-rGO nanocomposite. Under positive and negative bias conditions, clear positive and negative threshold voltage shifts occurred, which were attributed to charge carrier trapping and de-trapping in the ZnO/NAu-rGO/SiO2 structure. Also, the photothermal effect of the NAu-rGO nanocomposites on MCF7 breast cancer cells caused inhibition of ~80% cells after irradiation with infrared light (0.5 W cm−2) for 5 min.
“…Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC; LDH/FITC mass ratio of 20:1) was also loaded into the interlayer and on the surface to label the LDH nanoparticles. [ 43,44 ] Moreover, in contrast with previous studies, Ab was simply loaded onto the surface of BSA‐coated LDH (in previous studies, Ab was conjugated onto LMWH, and then Ab–LMWH was associated with LDH via anion exchange and adsorption [ 41,45 ] ). Successful coating with BSA and Ab (Scheme 1) protects LDH nanoparticles from aggregation in the circulation and reduces the absorption of serum proteins.…”
Anticoagulant therapy is an important therapeutic tool for septic microcirculatory dysfunction. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is a potent anticoagulant with antithrombotic properties, which is a crucial factor for sepsis treatment. However, it has a short plasma half-life and achieves low local concentrations; nanocomposite formulations may help overcome these limitations. Herein, it is aimed to determine if a functional layered double hydroxide (LDH)-LMWH nanocomposite improves microcirculation and organ function, while maximizing the antithrombotic effects and reducing bleeding risks in septic rats. This nanocomposite (fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-fibrin antibody (Ab)-bovine serum albumin (BSA)-20LMWH-LDH) is constructed by intercalating LMWH and FITC into the LDH interlayer, and application of a BSA and an Ab coating onto the LDH nanoparticle surface. The nanocomposite released LMWH in a gradual and biphasic pattern, in an acidity-triggered manner. Capillary tubule studies and intestinal microcirculation investigations show that green fluorescent nanocomposites accumulated around microthrombi, validating their targeting ability. Animal experiments reveal that the nanocomposites significantly improve microcirculation in septic rats with minimal pathological damage to the heart, lung, liver, and kidney tissues. Thus, this study provides a novel strategy for the treatment of septic microcirculatory dysfunction in clinical situations.
“…In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of reported NIR‐absorbing inorganic agents with exceptional properties, such as high stability and photothermal conversion efficiency, for tumor PTT both in vitro and in vivo. [ 44 ] These agents include carbon‐based nanomaterials, graphite carbon nitride, [ 45 ] noble metal nanoparticles, [ 46 ] metallic oxides, [ 47 ] metallic sulfide, [ 48 ] metal like nanomaterials, [ 49 ] quantum dots, [ 50 ] up‐conversion nanomaterials (UCNMs), and others. [ 51 ]…”
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising approach for tumor ablation utilizing hyperthermia offers several advantages, including non‐invasiveness, spatiotemporal controllability, and notable therapeutic efficacy. However, the clinical application of PTT is challenged by the heat diffusion. To address this, mild PTT (mPTT) has gained attention as an alternative strategy, operating at temperatures below 45 °C, with remarkable antitumor effects and minimal thermal damage to nearby normal tissues. Despite these benefits, the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) induces thermal resistance, which limits the therapeutic potential and practical implementation of mPTT. Nanomedicines have emerged as a solution to overcome these challenges, offering improved solubility, prolonged circulation time, enhanced tumor accumulation, and controlled cargo release, surpassing the capabilities of small molecular HSP inhibitors. Herein, it has been aimed to discuss the current landscape of photothermal agents, elucidate the underlying mechanisms of mPTT, highlight the benefits of mPTT in combination therapy, and explore the potential of nanomedicines to enhance mPTT efficacy. Additionally, future directions for the development of mPTT are presented and the challenges that are needed to be addressed are identified, with the aim of encouraging further research contributions to advance mPTT toward clinical applications.
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