Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: Effects of immunity on the pre-intestinal and intestinal larval stages of the parasite

Love, R.J.; Kelly, John D.; Dineen, J.K.

doi:10.1016/0020-7519(74)90103-9

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The shape of the curve of parasite recoveries in the lungs ( fig. 3) suggest that another com ponent of immunity is a slowing in the rate of migration to or through the lungs [Love et al, 1974], The results of an additional experiment in which serum from long-term infected and challenged mice was injected into naive recipients, indicate that this effect is unlikely to be mediated by circulating an tibodies (table IV).…”

Section: Resistance In Previously Infected Micementioning

confidence: 84%

“…Impaired development and rejection of worms is achieved most efficiently by a combination of antibodies, T cell-mediated immunity and a local inflammatory re sponse [Jarrett and Urquhart, 1971;Keller and Keist, 1972;Ogilvie and Jones, 1973;Dineen el al., 1973;Love et al, 1974], Apparently, a sub stantial content of the specific and nonspe cific immunological repertoire is required to achieve both rejection of N. brasiliensis and a state of relative resistance to subsequent infection. Antibodies may have direct ef fects on the parasite [Ogilvie, 1974], but components such as T cell-dependent lymphokines, nonspecific bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells, complement-fixing and reaginic antibodies, and chemical mediators, presumably exert their principal effects by increasing the vigor of the local inflammato ry reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on Immune Responses to Parasite Antigens in Mice

Gf¹,

Hogarth-Scott²,

Edwards³

et al. 1976

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Normal mice of several strains reject the nematode worm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from the intestine within 14 days (and most often within 10 days) of injection of high numbers of infective third stage larvae (L3). Previously-infected mice are markedly resistant to a second infection. Hypothymic, nu/nu (‘nude’) mice continue to harbor worms long after intact mice have rejected the worm burden and an inoculum of T cells at the time of, or several days after L3 injection, leads to worm elimination within 14 days in nu/nu mice. As yet no evidence is available to indicate whether or not T cells with specificity for parasite antigens are required in a reconstitutive inoculum in nu/nu mice. Pretreatment of normal mice with cyclophosphamide, at doses reported to lead to temporary B cell hypofunction, does not result in delayed rejection of worms but the participation of B cell products (antibodies) cannot be discounted on the basis of this result. The nu/nu mouse – N. brasiliensis system will be useful in the search for, and characterization of, parasite antigens which gain access to the lymphoid organs and circulation of parasitized mice and in the analysis of T cell subtypes (both functional and surface Thy and Ly alloantigenic subtypes) involved in worm elimination.

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Section: Resistance In Previously Infected Micementioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Immune Responses to Parasite Antigens in Mice

Gf¹,

Hogarth-Scott²,

Edwards³

et al. 1976

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Methods for culture and inoculation of N. brasiliensis, estimation of worm burdens, and details of rat strains used have been described (Kelly and Dineen, 1972;Love et al, 1974).…”

Section: Parasite/animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A complex multiphasic immune response is then mounted by the host which initiates expulsion of adult worms four days later (Kelly and Dineen, 1972;Kelly et al, 1973;Ogilvie and Jones, 1973;Kelly and Dineen, 1976). The animal then becomes resistant to re-infection, with less than 2 % of a secondary challenge developing into mature worms (Africa, 1931;Love et al, 1974).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nippostronglylus brasiliensis infection in the rat: effect of iron and protein deficiency and dexamethasone on the efficacy of benzimidazole anthelmintics.

Duncombe¹,

Bolin²,

Kelly³

1977

Gut

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SUMMARY Malnutrition, anaemia, and gut parasites are commonly interrelated. Using the Nip-postrongylus brasiliensis-rat model, the effect of iron and protein deficiency on the efficacy of benzimidazole anthelmintics was studied. It was demonstrated that the anthelmintics mebendazole and fenbendazole were significantly less effective in eradicating parasites when animals were deficient in iron and protein. This decreased efficacy of anthelmintics in iron and protein deficiency could not be overcome by intraperitoneal administration of the drug. Since nutritional deficiencies may act via impairment of the immune response, anthelmintic efficacy was determined in adequately nourished rats treated with the immunosuppressive drug dexamethasone. A similar decrease in efficacy of mebendazole was shown when these animals were treated with dexamethasone. Thus it is possible that lowered anthelmintic efficacy in iron and protein deficient animals is mediated by immune deficiency. These findings may be relevant to anthelmintic programmes in malnourished communities.

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“…In N. brasitien.us-'immunizeii rals. challenged N. brasitiensi.v larvae reach the small intestine but are immediately expelled before they become fully mature adults (Love, Kelly and Dineen, 1974;Miller, Huntley and Wallace. 1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

NIPPOSTRONGYLUS BRASILIENSIS AND STRONGYLOIDES RATTI: CONCURRENT INFECTION IN NORMAL AND IMMUNIZED RATS

Mimori

Nawa

Korenaga

et al. 1983

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Cross-resislance to various parasites in Ihe one host has been investigated mainly by two approaches: fl) conciirrent infection with iwo or more parasites, and (2) immunization with one species followed by a challenge infection wilh a heterologous species. In both situations muiuiil interactions between the parasites, and the parasites and host, seem to be complicated (reviewed by Kazacos, t975).Worms of Nippostrongylus hrasilien.sis and Strongyloides ratti both parasitize the upper 1/3 of the small intestine approximately 3 days subcutaneous inoculation of rats with infective larvae. After a plateau phase of infection (up to approximately 10 days for N. bra,^ilifn.\is and 20 days for 5. ratti), adult worms are expelled by the host's immune defence mechanism. Thereafter, the host rats are highly resistant against re-infection with homologous species (Ogilvie and Jones, 1971; Moqbel and Denham. 1977). From these fundamental similarities of the life-cycles, these two parasites would seem to be useful for analysing the specificity of the host's defence mechanism. Using N. hra.siliensis and S. ratti. Kazacos and Thorson (1975) first reported that, afler an infection with one species, rats became resistant against subsequent infection with the other. Recently, we demonstrated that this cross-resistance could be generated 'uy, and directed against, the tissue migrating larval stage but not the intestinal adult stage (Nawa et al. 1982). In N. brasitien.us-'immunizeii rals. challenged N. brasitiensi.v larvae reach the small intestine but are immediately expelled before they become fully mature adults (Love, Kelly and Dineen, 1974;Miller, Huntley and Wallace. 1981). Thus, it was of interest to see whether such a deteriorative effect of the host's immune system directed against N. brasilien.iis in the small intestine has any significant effect on concurrently existing . V. ratti.In the present study outbrcd female Wistar rats (8 weeks old and weighing approximately 200 g) were first infected with 3,000 N. brasiUensis larvae and, 4 weeks later, challenged concurrently with 1.500 A'. brasiUensis larvae and 1.500 . V. ratti larvae. As a control, normal rats were given only the concurrent infection with both species at the same dose. The degree of protection against these parasites was monitored by daily mass faecal egg counts (FEC) of each group of 5 rats.As shown in Fig.l, the FEC of A^. hrasiliensis and S. ratti in normal rats concurrently infected were similar to those observed in the single infection of individual parasites (data not shown). In N. brasilien.si.'i-immum7.ed rats concurrently infected with N. hrasiliensis and S ratti. eggs of N. brasiUensis could never be detected and the FEC of S. ratti in these rats decreased considerably during the period between days 6 and 15, though the duration of faecal egg output of S. ratti was equal to that observed in non-immunized rats. The degree of decrease in the FEC of concurrently infected . V. ratti in N. /trtj.TiV/rfrv/v-immunized rats was far greater than that reported ...

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Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: Effects of immunity on the pre-intestinal and intestinal larval stages of the parasite

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Studies on Immune Responses to Parasite Antigens in Mice

Studies on Immune Responses to Parasite Antigens in Mice

Nippostronglylus brasiliensis infection in the rat: effect of iron and protein deficiency and dexamethasone on the efficacy of benzimidazole anthelmintics.

NIPPOSTRONGYLUS BRASILIENSIS AND STRONGYLOIDES RATTI: CONCURRENT INFECTION IN NORMAL AND IMMUNIZED RATS

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