Nipah Virus: A Medical Threat

Thalkari, Avinash B.; Karwa, Pawan N.; Thorat, Vivek. M.; Jadhav, Sakshi K.

doi:10.5958/2321-5836.2020.00016.6

Cited by 1 publication

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“…But in severe cases, development of encephalitis eventually leads to coma within 24-48 hrs. Patients who have difficulty in breathing are at more risk for NiV infection 39 .…”

Section: Fig 3: Possible Route Of Transmission Of Niv From Natural Ho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monoclonal Antibodies: At present, monoclonal antibody (mAb) m102.4 is surely the most promising therapeutic for both NiV and HeV infection. Antibody m102.4 blocks the entry of NiV infection in host cells by inhibiting the complex of attachment protein G (glycoprotein) and Ephrin B2/B3 host cell receptor 39,50,51 . In 2020, m102.4 mAb was under phase-I human trial and demonstrated positive response 52 .…”

Section: Diagnosis: In Humans and Animals Infections Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2020, m102.4 mAb was under phase-I human trial and demonstrated positive response 52 . Its neutralization activities were observed against various isolates likeNiV Malaysia, HeV-1994, HeV-Redlands and NiV-Bangladesh 39 . Administration of m102.4 mAb in American Green monkey (AGM) and Ferret model post-infection provided full protection against NiV 53,54,55 .…”

Section: Diagnosis: In Humans and Animals Infections Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

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2023

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Currently, COVID-19 pandemic is a major zoonotic disease that has killed millions of people all over the world. Similarly, Nipah virus (NiV), causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) along with febrile encephalitis. NiV belongs to the class of paramyxovirus of the genus Henipavirus is a deadly virus that has caused several outbreaks in recent years. Despite the fact that NiV causes a small number of infections, the severity of the disease results in a higher death rate unlike COVID-19 infection. Many research studies termed bats as a natural host for NiV. Recently two NiV strains were identified i.e. NiV-MY (Malaysian strain) and NiV-BD (Bangladesh strain), is the major cause of epidemic in various geographical areas. Various techniques like ELISA, immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain based reaction have been developed for diagnostic purposes. Currently, there is no approved treatment or vaccine available for either people or animals, and treatment is limited to supportive care. In context with current COVID-19 pandemic, health infrastructure in many countries will be incompetent to manage such sudden viral outbreaks. Therefore, in this review we have discussed the outbreak of NiV, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and available treatment strategies for NiV infected individuals. INTRODUCTION:Nipah virus (NiV) is recently recognized as a class of paramyxovirus of the genus Henipavirus. It is a zoonotic virus and can also be transmitted through contaminated food or person to person. In infected people, it causes a wide range of diseases from asymptomatic infection to severe acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis in humans. It has many physical attributes to serve as a potential agent of bioterrorism 1 .

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“…But in severe cases, development of encephalitis eventually leads to coma within 24-48 hrs. Patients who have difficulty in breathing are at more risk for NiV infection 39 .…”

Section: Fig 3: Possible Route Of Transmission Of Niv From Natural Ho...mentioning

confidence: 99%