Niosomes of Ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol in the Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Model in Male Rats

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to prepare a stable iv injectable formulation of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol in preventing the cerebral ischemia. Different niosomal formulations were prepared by Span and Tween mixed with cholesterol. The physicochemical characteristics of niosomal formulations were evaluated in vitro. For in vivo evaluation, the rats were made ischemic by middle cerebral artery occlusion model for 30 min and the selected formulation was used for determining its neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia. Neuronal damage was evaluated by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency of ascorbic acid was increased to more than 84% by remote loading method. The cholesterol content of the niosomes, the hydrophilicity potential of the encapsulated compounds, and the preparation method of niosomes were the main factors affecting the mean volume diameter of the prepared vesicles. High physical stability of the niosomes prepared from Span 40 and Span 60 was demonstrated due to negligible size change of vesicles during 6 months storage at 4–8°C. In vivo studies showed that ST60/Chol 35 : 35 : 30 niosomes had more neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemic injuries in male rats than free ascorbic acid.

Hippocampal Astrocyte Response to Melatonin Following Neural Damage Induction in Rat

“…Staining of sections was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Afterward incubation of cerebral sections with DAB (3, 3'diaminobenzidine) as well as hydrogen peroxide, brownish color shown damage to neuronal perikarya (Hakemi, Sharififar, Haghpanah, Babaee, & Eftekhar-Vaghefi, 2019;Varshosaz, Taymouri, Pardakhty, Asadi-Shekaari, & Babaee, 2014). Also negative and positive controls were included.…”

Nanotechnology: A Modern Contraption in Cosmetics and Dermatology

“…Niosomes are smaller, unilamellar nanostructures in size range of 10-100 nm, comprising a central aqueous cavity which is surrounded by layers of non-ionic surfactant in lamellar phase. Niosomes are acceptably employed to deliver antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, resveratrol, and ellagic acid through skin [17][18][19]. A slightly larger niosome in the size range of 471-565 nm comprising phyto-derived antioxidants such as resveratrol, alpha-tocopherol, and curcumin showed increased antioxidant activity to the skin with enhanced skin permeation activity for cosmeceuticals applications [20].…”

Current application of phytocompound-based nanocosmeceuticals for beauty and skin therapy

“…Nanoniosomes are smaller, unilamellar structures in the size range of 10-100 nm. [197][198][199][200] Niosomes are extensively used to deliver antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, resveratrol, and ellagic acid through skin and are used orally to treat diseases. 196,[201][202][203][204][205][206][207] Even though commercially many cosmeceutical creams and lotions contain niosomes with synthetic compounds, phyto-derived bioactive compound usage is a new sector in the development of nanoniosomes.…”