Niosomes modified with a novel pH-responsive coating (mPEG-OA) enhance the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Surface functionalization of nanoparticles has shown potential in enhancing the efficacy of antibiotic-loaded nanosystems against drug-resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize an acid-cleavable pH-responsive polymer from methoxy polyethylene glycol and oleylamine (mPEG-OA) to surface modify vancomycin (VCM)-loaded niosomes and to evaluate their antibacterial and anti-biofilm effectiveness against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The novel mPEG-OA-coated niosomes were biocompatible, hemocompatible with size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of 169.2 ± 1.6 nm, 0.21 ± 0.01 and -0.82 ± 0.22 mV, respectively. Under acidic conditions, mPEG-OA-coated niosomes exhibited a pH-responsive and sustained VCM release profile and in vitro antibacterial activity than non-coated niosomes and bare VCM. mPEG-OA-coated niosomes showed a significant reduction in biofilm formation at pH 6 compared to pH 7.4 (p= 0,0119). The in vivo efficacy of mPEG-OA-coated niosomes in the BALB/c mice skin infection model showed a 9.9-fold reduction in MRSA load compared to bare VCM. Histomorphologically, the mPEG-OA-coated niosomes group displayed the lowest bacterial load, tissue swelling, and inflammation. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of novel pH-responsive mPEG-OA-derived polymer coating to enhance bacterial killing kinetics, and antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacies over conventional antibiotic and non-functionalized nano delivery systems.

Surface modified niosomal quercetin with cationic lipid: an appropriate drug delivery system against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections

“…According to their results, a significant anti-biofilm activity was also found against P. aeruginosa biofilms through incorporation of positively charged agents into niosomal formulation ( P -value < 0.05). Also, another conducted study revealed that of niosomal optimization through surface modification with PEGylatation improved the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities of vancomycin-encapsulated niosomes against S. aureus strains ( P -value < 0.05) 43 . The confirmatory results were also reported in the published studies on liposomal formulations.…”

Antibacterial and antibiofilm potentials of vancomycin-loaded niosomal drug delivery system against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections

“…The antibacterial properties of several niosomal drug delivery systems against different bacterial pathogens, including Staphylococcus epidermidis , Bacillus subtilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , and Escherichia coli were approved [ 31 – 33 ]. Also, the results of some experiments exhibited that niosome nanoparticles, as a powerful drug delivery system, hold promise for solving serious challenges related to S. auras [ 34 – 36 ]. However, the present research aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of VAN-niosome against MRSA clinical strains with emphasis on cytotoxicity study on human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cell line.…”