Niosomal versus nano-crystalline ivermectin against different stages of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

Elmehy, Dalia A.; Saad, Marwa A. Hasby; Maghraby, Gamal M. El; Arafa, Mona F.; Soliman, Nema A.; Elkaliny, Heba H; Elgendy, Dina I.

doi:10.1007/s00436-021-07172-1

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In the same context, Soliman et al ( 2013 ) observed lower activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and protein carbonyl in Trichinella- infected mice after IVM treatment. The same was reported by Elmehy et al ( 2021 ), who noticed that treatment with IVM added to niosomes and nano-crystals resulted in a significant reduction in antioxidant enzymes activities as lactate dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase at both phases of trichinellosis. Moreover, Othman et al ( 2016 ) noticed that atorvastatin reduced the levels of SOD and pAMPK in intestinal and muscular tissue homogenates in T. spiralis- infected mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Interestingly, the process of nurse cell complex formation in the muscular phase of trichinellosis is associated with overexpression of the VEGF gene as a major inducer of angiogenesis in the surrounding capsule (Othman et al 2016 ; Elmehy et al 2021 ). Therefore, angiogenesis can be evaluated by estimating the level of VEGF gene expression besides measuring the MVD through immunohistochemical staining of specific endothelial cell markers such as CD31 (Rayia et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin on murine trichinellosis

Hassan,

El-Sayed,

Zekry

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

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Trichinellosis is one of the global food-borne parasitic diseases that can cause severe tissue damage. The traditionally used drugs for the treatment of trichinellosis have limited efficacy against the encysted larvae in the muscular phase of the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the role of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin against different phases of Trichinella in experimentally infected mice. A total of 120 male Swiss albino mice were divided into two major groups (n = 60 of each), intestinal and muscular phases. Then, each group was subdivided into 10 subgroups (n = 6); non-infected control, infected non-treated control, infected ivermectin treated, infected atorvastatin treated, infected mesenchymal stem cells treated, infected combined ivermectin and atorvastatin treated, infected combined mesenchymal stem cells and ivermectin treated, infected combined mesenchymal stem cells and atorvastatin treated, infected combined mesenchymal stem cells and a full dose of (ivermectin and atorvastatin) treated, and infected combined mesenchymal stem cells and half dose of (ivermectin and atorvastatin) treated. Mice were sacrificed at days 5 and 35 post-infection for the intestinal and muscular phases, respectively. The assessment was performed through many parameters, including counting the adult intestinal worms and muscular encysted larvae, besides histopathological examination of the underlying tissues. Moreover, a biochemical assay for the inflammatory and oxidative stress marker levels was conducted. In addition, levels of immunohistochemical CD31 and VEGF gene expression as markers of angiogenesis during the muscular phase were investigated. The combined mesenchymal stem cells and atorvastatin added to ivermectin showed the highest significant reduction in adult worms and encysted larvae counts, the most noticeable improvement of the histopathological changes, the most potent anti-inflammatory (lowest level of IL-17) and anti-angiogenic (lowest expression of CD31 and VEGF) activities, and also revealed the highly effective one to relieve the oxidative stress (lowest level of SOD, GSH, and lipid peroxidase enzymes). These observed outcomes indicate that adding mesenchymal stem cells and atorvastatin to ivermectin synergistically potentiates its therapeutic efficacy and provides a promising candidate against trichinellosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin on murine trichinellosis

Hassan,

El-Sayed,

Zekry

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

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“…The primary contributing factors to the pathology of T. spiralis are the mechanical injury induced by infection, inflammatory cells accumulation, and disruptions in the normal redox status [ 11 ]. The invasion of the host intestinal epithelium by infective larvae during the early stages leads to changes in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and alterations in the antioxidant capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oxidant/antioxidant status is generally achieved through the equilibrium between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), as well as their elimination by antioxidants. Consequently, tissues frequently exhibit an augmented production of antioxidants in reaction to mild levels of oxidative stress [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Appraisal of Chitosan-Coated Lipid Nano-Combination with Miltefosine and Albendazole in the Treatment of Murine Trichinellosis: Experimental Study with Evaluation of Immunological and Immunohistochemical Parameters

Ibrahim,

Selim,

Shafey

et al. 2024

Acta Parasit.

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Purpose Resistance and adverse consequences of albendazole (ABZ) in treating trichinellosis urged demand for secure and effective new drugs. The current study aimed to assess the effect of chitosan-coated lipid nano-combination with albendazole and miltefosine (MFS) in treating experimental murine trichinellosis and evaluating pathological and immunological changes of trichinellosis. Materials and Methods One hundred twenty Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups. Each group was subdivided into a and b subgroups based on the scarification time, which was 7- and 40-days post-infection (PI), respectively. The treatment efficacy was evaluated using parasitological, histopathological, serological (interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-4 serum levels), immunohistochemical (GATA3, glutathione peroxidase1 (GPX1) and caspase-3), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. Results The most effective drug was nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with ABZ (G5), which showed the most significant reduction in adults and larval count (100% and 92.39%, respectively). The greatest amelioration in histopathological changes was reported in G4 treated with MFS. GATA3 and caspase-3 were significantly reduced in all treated groups. GPX1 was significantly increased in G6 treated with MFS + NLCs. The highest degenerative effects on adults and larvae by SEM were documented in G6. Conclusion Loading ABZ or MFS on chitosan-coated NLCs enhanced their efficacy against trichinellosis. Although ABZ was better than MFS, their combination should be considered as MFS caused a significant reduction in the intensity of infection. Furthermore, MFS showed anti-inflammatory (↓GATA3) and antiapoptotic effects (↓caspase-3), especially in the muscular phase. Also, when loaded with NLCS, it showed an antioxidant effect (↑GPX1). Graphical abstract

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Antiparasitic activity of ivermectin: Four decades of research into a “wonder drug”

Sulik,

Antoszczak,

Huczyński

et al. 2023

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

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Niosomal versus nano-crystalline ivermectin against different stages of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

Cited by 8 publications

References 61 publications

Impact of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin on murine trichinellosis

Impact of atorvastatin and mesenchymal stem cells combined with ivermectin on murine trichinellosis

Appraisal of Chitosan-Coated Lipid Nano-Combination with Miltefosine and Albendazole in the Treatment of Murine Trichinellosis: Experimental Study with Evaluation of Immunological and Immunohistochemical Parameters

Antiparasitic activity of ivermectin: Four decades of research into a “wonder drug”

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