“…Niobium (Nb)-based materials have been widely investigated in the past decades as promising and versatile heterogeneous catalysts [1][2][3][4]. In the class of niobium compounds, niobic acid (i.e., partly hydrated niobium oxide, Nb 2 O 5 •nH 2 O, hereafter labelled as NbO) [5,6] and niobium oxophosphate (NbOPO 4 •nH 2 O, hereafter labelled as NbP) [7,8] have aroused considerable interest as active phases, as supports, and also as promoters. In any case, these materials have consolidated their success mainly as solid acid catalysts [9,10] due to their acid strength (Hammett acidity function −8.2 < H o < −5.6 for NbO [4] and −8.2< H o < −3.0 for NbP [11]), co-presence of both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites (LAS and BAS, respectively), and capability to preserve Lewis acidity even in the presence of water.…”