Niobium increasing the electrocatalytic activity of palladium for alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell

Souza, Felipe de; Böhnstedt, Paula; Pinheiro, Victor S.; Oliveira, Leandro Antonio de; Batista, Bruno Lemos; Parreira, Luanna S.; Antunes, Renato Altobelli; Santos, Mauro C.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113824

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Due to those reasons, fuel cell research is moving towards other metals to replace Pt as an anode. For example, Pd and Pd alloys have been tested as catalysts and have shown promising results [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Research groups have been dedicated to investigating the role of Pd and Pd combined with other metals in the oxidation of various alcohols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research groups have been dedicated to investigating the role of Pd and Pd combined with other metals in the oxidation of various alcohols. Bimetallic and trimetallic catalysts, such as Pd-M and Pd-M 1 M 2 (M, M 1 or M 2 = Ru, Au, Sn, Cu, Ni, W, Rh, Bi, Nb, Zr, Ce and Mo), supported in different matrices, aim to decrease the amount of noble metal required and to increase the catalytic activity, minimizing CO poisoning in ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and other alcohols [3,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Table 1 presents a summary of the main Pd-based catalysts reported in the literature for EOR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of palladium catalysts modified by ruthenium and molybdenum as anode in direct ethanol fuel cell

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et al. 2021

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Physical and electrochemical properties of Pd catalysts combined with Ru and Mo on carbon support were investigated. To this end, Pd, Pd1.3Ru1.0, Pd3.2Ru1.3Mo1.0 and Pd1.5Ru0.8Mo1.0 were synthesized on Carbon Vulcan XC72 support by the method of thermal decomposition of polymeric precursors and then physically and electrochemically characterized. The highest reaction yields are obtained for Pd3.2Ru1.3Mo1.0/C and Pd1.5Ru0.8Mo1.0/C and, as demonstrated by thermal analysis, they also show the smallest metal/carbon ratio compared the other catalysts. XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and Raman analyses show the presence of PdO and RuO2 for the Pd/C and the Pd1.3Ru1.0/C catalysts, respectively, a fact not observed for the Pd3.2Ru1.3 Mo1.0 /C and the Pd1.5Ru0.8Mo1.0/C catalysts. The catalytic activities were tested for the ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) shows Pd1.3Ru1.0/C exhibiting the highest peak of current density, followed by Pd3.2Ru1.3Mo1.0/C, Pd1.5Ru0.8Mo1.0/C and Pd/C. From, chronoamperometry (CA), it is possible to observe the lowest rate of poisoning for the Pd1.3Ru1.0/C, followed by Pd3.2Ru1.3Mo1.0/C, Pd1.5Ru0.8Mo1.0/C and Pd/C. These results suggested that catalytic activity of the binary and the ternary catalysts are improved in comparison with Pd/C. The presence of RuO2 activated the bifunctional mechanism and improved the catalytic activity in the Pd1.3Ru1.0/C catalyst. The addition of Mo in the catalysts enhanced the catalytic activity by the intrinsic mechanism, suggesting a synergistic effect between metals. In summary, we suggest that it is possible to synthesize ternary PdRuMo catalysts supported on Carbon Vulcan XC72, resulting in materials with lower poisoning rates and lower costs than Pd/C. Graphic abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of palladium catalysts modified by ruthenium and molybdenum as anode in direct ethanol fuel cell

Filho

Cruz

Pedicini

et al. 2021

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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“…The electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) was calculated using the PdO reduction region in the CV-curves because it cannot be obtained in the hydrogen adsorption/desorption region [52]. The calculation of the charge (q) used for PdO reduction was performed using Equation (13).…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

PdAg/C Electrocatalysts Synthesized by Thermal Decomposition of Polymeric Precursors Improve Catalytic Activity for Ethanol Oxidation Reaction

et al. 2022

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An efficient ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is required to enhance energy production in alcohol-based fuel cells. The use of bimetallic catalysts promises decreasing reliance on platinum group metal (PGM) electrocatalysts by minimizing the use of these expensive materials in the overall electrocatalyst composition. In this article, an alternative method of bimetallic electrocatalyst synthesis based on the use of polymeric precursors is explored. PdAg/C electrocatalysts were synthesized by thermal decomposition of polymeric precursors and used as the anode electrocatalyst for EOR. Different compositions, including pristine Pd/C and Ag/C, as well as bimetallic Pd80Ag20/C, and Pd60Ag40/C electrocatalysts, were evaluated. Synthesized catalysts were characterized, and electrochemical activity evaluated. X-ray diffraction showed a notable change at diffraction peak values for Pd80Ag20/C and Pd60Ag40/C electrocatalysts, suggesting alloying (solid solution) and smaller crystallite sizes for Pd60Ag40/C. In a thermogravimetric analysis, the electrocatalyst Pd60Ag40/C presented changes in the profile of the curves compared to the other electrocatalysts. In the cyclic voltammetry results for EOR in alkaline medium, Pd60Ag40/C presented a more negative onset potential, a higher current density at the oxidation peak, and a larger electrically active area. Chronoamperometry tests indicated a lower poisoning rate for Pd60Ag40/C, a fact also observed in the CO-stripping voltammetry analysis due to its low onset potential. As the best performing electrocatalyst, Pd60Ag40/C has a lower mass of Pd (a noble and expensive metal) in its composition. It can be inferred that this bimetallic composition can contribute to decreasing the amount of Pd required while increasing the fuel cell performance and expected life. PdAg-type electrocatalysts can provide an economically feasible alternative to pure PGM-electrocatalysts for use as the anode in EOR in fuel cells.

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“…Niobium (Nb) is an interesting co-catalyst for noble metal with high hydrophilicity that promotes bifunctional and electronic effects to improve the noble metal's electrocatalytic activity, such as Pd. 134 Nb's presence was also proven to enhance CO tolerance due to a robust electronic effect that weakens noble metal and CO adsorption strength. 135 Thus, replacing some noble metal with Nb metal will improve electrochemical activity and makes Nb a promising co-catalyst in noble metal electrocatalyst.…”

Section: Development Of Pt-based and Pdbased Catalyst With Niobium Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…135 Thus, replacing some noble metal with Nb metal will improve electrochemical activity and makes Nb a promising co-catalyst in noble metal electrocatalyst. 134,136 Souza et al 137 investigated Nb as the auxiliary Pd metal. The Nb presence near Pd atoms was also found to increase the catalyst hydrophilicity favouring Pd electrolysis.…”

Section: Development Of Pt-based and Pdbased Catalyst With Niobium Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and innovation in the electrocatalyst development toward glycerol oxidation reaction

2021

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Direct glycerol fuel cell (DGFCs) is an interesting type of fuel cell that can produce energy and high-end chemicals using excess and less expensive fuel, glycerol. The commercialization of DGFCs meets with many challenges, especially on its catalyst development. Common catalysts usually tested in DGFCs are platinum-based (Pt) and palladium-based catalyst (Pd). The expensive value of the noble metal such as Pt and Pd becomes a limitation towards the commercialization. This review shows and summarizes numerous improvements achieved on the anode catalyst for GOR to reduce the noble metal dependency while maximizing the activity performance, durability-stability, and GOR yield selectivity on certain valuable chemicals introducing multiple optimized syntheses methods with timesaving and cost-effective benefits. Finally, this review proposes the next direction of catalyst development to be taken in the future based on the recent developments and innovations implemented and tested.

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Niobium increasing the electrocatalytic activity of palladium for alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Development of palladium catalysts modified by ruthenium and molybdenum as anode in direct ethanol fuel cell

Development of palladium catalysts modified by ruthenium and molybdenum as anode in direct ethanol fuel cell

PdAg/C Electrocatalysts Synthesized by Thermal Decomposition of Polymeric Precursors Improve Catalytic Activity for Ethanol Oxidation Reaction

Research and innovation in the electrocatalyst development toward glycerol oxidation reaction

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