Niobium Carbides

Zirconium oxycarbides and oxycarbonitrides: A review

“…The insertion of O increases the metal–nonmetal bond strength and results in a decrease in a due to the shorter bond length of Zr–O than Zr–C. The influence of C substitution by O on a is shown in Figure 2 10 . As expected, with increasing O content, a decreases.…”

“…It was reported that C atoms can occupy octahedral sites of oxygen vacancies in the fcc zirconia lattice 30 when ZrC x O y is prepared by carbothermal reduction of ZrO 2 . Generally, a wide scatter of structural defects in metal and nonmetal sublattices can occur depending on the composition of zirconium oxycarbides, some of them are presented in Figure 3 10 …”

“…These ZrC x O y solid solutions can replace the presently used refractory materials composed of ZrO 2 and a carbon bonding phase. Reported stabilization of zirconia by carbon 10,115,116 should be considered for ZrO 2 + C refractories and ZrCO ceramics. The tetragonal phase of ZrO 2 can be stabilized also by carbon nanostructures like carbon nanotubes or graphene creating ZrO 2 + C composite, and these materials exhibit interesting functional and mechanical properties 117,118 …”

“…in 1992 9 . Recently in 2019, Shabalin published a review on ultrahigh‐temperature carbides, including ZrC, where zirconium oxycarbides and oxycarbonitrides were discussed 10 . There have also been several PhD theses devoted to Zr–C–O–(N) systems in the period of 1967–2014 11−16…”