Niobium Carbide MXene Augmented Medical Implant Elicits Bacterial Infection Elimination and Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

Incurable bacterial infections, impenetrable microbial biofilm, and irreversible antibiotic resistance are among the most dangerous threats for humans. With few effective strategies available in antimicrobial and antibiofilm development, innovative methodologies inspired by the advances in other fields such as nanomedicine are becoming more and more attractive to realize innovative antibacterial agents. Herein, a 2D niobium carbide (Nb 2 C) MXene titanium plate (Nb 2 C@TP)-based clinical implant with practical multimodal anti-infection functions was developed. Such emerging modes are capable of destroying biofilms for direct bacteria elimination through down-regulating bacterial energy metabolism pathways, suppressing biofilm formation, and enhancing as-formed biofilm detachment via an activating accessory gene regulator. Another intriguing feature of this nanomedicine is the sensitization ability toward bacteria via photothermal transduction, which reduces the temperature necessary for bacteria eradication and mitigates possible normal tissue damage. Moreover, the Nb 2 C@TP medical implant is able to alleviate proinflammatory responses by scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species in infectious microenvironments, benefiting angiogenesis and tissue remodeling.

Growth Factor‐Decorated Ti3C2 MXene/MoS2 2D Bio‐Heterojunctions with Quad‐Channel Photonic Disinfection for Effective Regeneration of Bacteria‐Invaded Cutaneous Tissue

“…H 2 O 2 will always be produced in the cellular metabolism, and the self‐defense system will clear these H 2 O 2 to maintain a dynamic equilibrium. [ 54 ] If the equilibrium is broken by raised intracellular or exogenous ROS level, the oxidative stress will effortlessly denature the protein and nucleic acid and finally damage the bacterial membrane. Therefore, after proving the POD‐like activity of MoS 2 ‐containing materials in vitro, the intra‐bacterial ROS induced by 2D bio‐HJs was detected.…”

2D MXene Nanomaterials for Versatile Biomedical Applications: Current Trends and Future Prospects

“…Recently, Yang et al [154] developed a clinical implant based on a 2D Nb 2 C MXene titanium plate (Nb 2 C@TP), which can effectively improve the development strategy of antibiotics and antibacterial films. Figure 23a shows a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of 2D Nb 2 C ultrathin nanosheets.…”

“…Lattice fringes with an inner-plane spacing of 0.266 nm are depicted, corresponding to the (0110) facet of Ti 3 C 2 MXene (Figure 24e). The FFT pattern reveals the basal [154] Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. The ONPG of g) S. aureus and h) E. coli were hydrolyzed using Ti 3 C 2 T x , Bi 2 S 3 , Bi 2 S 3 /Ti 3 C 2 T x -2, Bi 2 S 3 /Ti 3 C 2 T x -5, Bi 2 S 3 /Ti 3 C 2 T x -7 and Bi 2 S 3 /Ti 3 C 2 T x -10 after 10 min of irradiation.…”

“…Yellow spheres: S. aureus, violet rods: E. coli, gray: TP, blackish green: Nb 2 AlC, grass green: multilayered Nb 2 C, and royal blue: Nb 2 C nanosheets. Reproduced with permission [154]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society.…”

Nanomaterials and their composite scaffolds for photothermal therapy and tissue engineering applications

“…The phosphorus and calcium components from the degradation of the Nb 2 C/ MS/BG composite scaffolds significantly promoted the biological activity of bone regeneration, which was further enhanced by NO through triggering adequate blood supply. Similarly, a Nb 2 C titanium plate (Nb 2 C@TP) composite scaffold was developed to eliminate bacterial infection and promote tissue regeneration [168]. The Nb 2 C@TP-based hyperthermia therapy not only effectively ablated bacteria in vivo but also mitigated excessive inflammatory responses and ROS production, thereby stimulating angiogenesis and tissue repair.…”