Aiming at the problem of high oxygen content in industrial niobium powder, the oxygen reduction process of high oxygen niobium powder magnesium was studied. Based on the thermodynamic analysis of magnesium thermal reduction of niobium powder, the effects of reduction temperature, magnesium addition, reduction time and reduction atmosphere on oxygen content of pickling niobium powder were studied. The results show that: with the increase of magnesium addition, the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder gradually decreases to a certain value and then remains unchanged. In a certain temperature range (953k-1203k), with the increase of reduction temperature, the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder first decreases and then increases, and the best oxygen content is 356ppm at 1133k; with the extension of reduction time (2-6h), the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder first decreases and then remains unchanged. Finally, the oxygen content of pickled niobium powder is reduced to about 356 ppm at 400% Mg addition, 1133 K reduction temperature and 4 h reduction time.