Ninety-Day Toxicity and One-Generation Reproduction Study in Rats Exposed to Allethrin-Based Liquid Mosquito Repellent

Abstract

-Rats exposed to liquid mosquito repellent (LMR) containing allethrin (3.6% w/w) 8-hrs/ day for a period of ninety days did not produce any signs of toxicity or death. Significant increases in relative weight of liver and adrenal in males, brain and thyroid in females were observed. No significant changes were noticed in clinical enzyme profile, gonadal enzymes and histopathology of vital organs except mild changes in the activities of liver and serum alkaline phosphates (ALP), testicular glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PDH) and epididymal sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH). Rats exposed to LMR for one generation had not produced changes in their reproductive indices such as fertility index, gestation index, live pups/ dam and sex ratio. There was no change in the preweanling evaluation of pups such as survival and growth index on post-natal days (PND) 0, 4, 7,14 and 21. No significant pathomorphological changes were observed in liver, brain, kidney and gonads of PND 21 pups. Absences of any major adverse effects in the adult as well as weanling rats suggest the safe use of allethrin-based LMR.

Toxicological effects of cypermethrin on female albino rats

“…Rats exposed to liquid mosquito repellent (LMR) containing allethrin (3.6% w/w) showed no significant effect on food consumption. [2] Lambda cyhalothrin also had no significant effect on water intake. [9] However, cypermethrin when given to white rabbits showed reduced feed and water intake in treated animals as compared to control groups.…”

“…[1] They are most widely used group of pesticides due to their low toxicity to mammals, birds and insects. [2] Cypermethrin, a composite pyrethroid, is a broad-spectrum insecticide and fast acting neurotoxin with good contact and stomach action. [3] Consistent with its lipophilic nature, it has been found to accumulate in body fat, skin, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, ovaries and brain.…”

Olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract counteracts genotoxicity and oxidative stress of permethrin in human lymphocytes

“…The previous reports showed that permethrin (PM) was a highly toxic synthetic pyrethroid pesticide widely used in agriculture aquatic organisms and vector control programs (Vadhana et al, 2010;Fojut and Young, 2011;Srivastava et al, 2006). Reproductive toxic (Zhang et al, 2008), immunotoxic (Jin et al, 2010), neurotoxic (De Micco et al, 2010) and cardiotoxic (Vadhana et al, 2010) effects of PM were reported.…”

High Serum Bile Acids Cause Hyperthyroidism and Goiter

“…The histological features of the thyroid samples were examined. The thyroid body weight ratio was calculated as a relative thyroid weight [16].…”