Ninety-day oral toxicity study of rice-derived γ-oryzanol in Sprague-Dawley rats

Abstract

A 90-day oral toxicity study of γ-oryzanol, a rice-derived triterpenoid ferulate, was performed by oral gavage administration to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 0, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight/day. All rats administered γ-oryzanol survived throughout the study period. Both male and female rats showed no toxicologically significant changes of the general signs, examination findings, body weight, food consumption, functional observational battery results, ophthalmological findings, urinalysis, hematology tests, clinical chemistry tests, organ weights, and necropsy findings. Moreover, there were no histopathological changes related to administration of γ-oryzanol in males and females from the 2000 mg/kg body weight/day group. In conclusion, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of γ-oryzanol exceeded 2000 mg/kg body weight/day for both male and female rats under the conditions of this study.

Phytosterol‐based edible oleogels: A novel way of replacing saturated fat in food

“…There should be no major safety concerns with oleogels, as phytosterols, oryzanol and sitosterol are found naturally in foods and neither have any significant cytotoxic effects (Moon et al . ; Paniagua‐Pérez et al . ) and are used in foods already.…”

“…Further research on the formation and structure of oleogels will lead to a better understanding of these systems and perhaps lead to the discovery of the most suitable gelator of edible oils for a particular application. There should be no major safety concerns with oleogels, as phytosterols, oryzanol and sitosterol are found naturally in foods and neither have any significant cytotoxic effects (Moon et al 2017;Paniagua-P erez et al 2005) and are used in foods already. However, other potential gelators may not have the required approval to be used as direct ingredients in foods in the amounts that are necessary to form an organogel; therefore, certain regulatory changes will be needed to enable this process.…”

γ-Oryzanol Improves Cognitive Function and Modulates Hippocampal Proteome in Mice

“…γ-Oryzanol has been proven safe for consumption with no major side effect [11,12]. Numerous studies have reported health-beneficial properties of γ-oryzanol including anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant effects [10,11].…”

Absorption and Metabolism of γ-Oryzanol, a Characteristic Functional Ingredient in Rice Bran

“…Since the effects of each type of OZ molecular species may be different, it is very interesting to have further research about the digestion, absorption, and metabolism referring of each type of OZ molecular species (17)(18)(19)(20). One in vitro study has examined the influence of digestive enzymes on the digestion of OZ, showing that OZ was partially hydrolyzed by pancreatic cholesterol esterase and the plant sterol type were more easily degraded than triterpene alcohol type (21).…”