Nine-year trend of air pollution by CO in Athens, Greece

Viras, L. G.; Παλιατσός, Α. Γ.; Fotopoulos, A. G.

doi:10.1007/bf00414392

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The main exposure risk comes from indoor sources, such as incorrectly installed and/or poorly maintained/ventilated cooking and heating appliances. Petrol engines once emitted significant amounts of CO but the introduction of catalytic converters led to substantial reductions in ambient CO levels 46 . Concentrations are typically high during cold weather, because of temperature inversions, trapping the pollution close to the ground.…”

Section: Air Pollutants Of Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Petrol engines once emitted significant amounts of CO but the introduction of catalytic converters led to substantial reductions in ambient CO levels. 46 Concentrations are typically high during cold weather, because of temperature inversions, trapping the pollution close to the ground. Within urban areas, concentrations are higher during rush hours, on busy roads and particularly in street canyons.…”

Section: Comentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring air pollution: Use of early warning systems for public health

et al. 2011

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Research confirming the detrimental impact poor ambient air quality and episodes of abnormally high pollutants has on public health, plus differential susceptibility, calls for improved understanding of this complex topic among all walks of society. The public and particularly, vulnerable groups, should be aware of their quality of air, enabling action to be taken in the event of increased pollution. Policy makers must have a sound awareness of current air quality and future trends, to identify issues, guide policies and monitor their effectiveness. These attitudes are dependent upon air pollution monitoring, forecasting and reporting, serving all interested parties. Apart from the underlying national regulatory obligation a country has in reporting air quality information, data output serves several purposes. This review focuses on provision of real-time data and advanced warnings of potentially health-damaging events, in the form of national air quality indices and proactive alert services. Some of the challenges associated with designing these systems include technical issues associated with the complexity of air pollution and its science. These include inability to provide precise exposure concentrations or guidance on long-term/cumulative exposures or effects from pollutant combinations. Other issues relate to the degree to which people are aware and positively respond to these services. Looking to the future, mobile devices such as cellular phones, equipped with sensing applications have potential to provide dynamic, temporally and spatially precise exposure measures for the mass population. The ultimate aim should be to empower people to modify behaviour-for example, when to increase medication, the route/mode of transport taken to school or work or the appropriate time to pursue outdoor activities-in a way that protects their health as well as the quality of the air they breathe.

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Section: Air Pollutants Of Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring air pollution: Use of early warning systems for public health

et al. 2011

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“…The concentrations of CO as well as their fluctuations are related to a large extent to the circulation of cars. The introduction of catalytic converters led to substantial reductions in ambient CO levels (Viras et al 1996). CO concentrations are spatially heterogeneous within a city, with higher concentrations on busy roads and especially in street canyons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Effects of Carbon Monoxide on Mortality: An Analysis within the APHEA Project

Samoli

Touloumi

Schwartz

et al. 2007

Environ Health Perspect

100

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ObjectivesWe investigated the short-term effects of carbon monoxide on total and cardiovascular mortality in 19 European cities participating in the APHEA-2 (Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach) project.MethodsWe examined the association using hierarchical models implemented in two stages. In the first stage, data from each city were analyzed separately, whereas in the second stage the city-specific air pollution estimates were regressed on city-specific covariates to obtain overall estimates and to explore sources of possible heterogeneity. We evaluated the sensitivity of our results by applying different degrees of smoothing for seasonality control in the city-specific analysis.ResultsWe found significant associations of CO with total and cardiovascular mortality. A 1-mg/m3 increase in the 2-day mean of CO levels was associated with a 1.20% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63–1.77%] increase in total deaths and a 1.25% (95% CI, 0.30–2.21%) increase in cardiovascular deaths. There was indication of confounding with black smoke and nitrogen dioxide, but the pollutant-adjusted effect of CO on mortality remained at least marginally statistically significant. The effect of CO on total and cardiovascular mortality was observed mainly in western and southern European cities and was larger when the standardized mortality rate was lower.ConclusionsThe results of this large study are consistent with an independent effect of CO on mortality. The heterogeneity found in the effect estimates among cities may be explained partly by specific city characteristics.

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“…Viras et al (1996), after nine-year measurements of CO concentrations in one of the central air pollution monitoring sites in Athens, showed that higher levels of CO were traced during the cold period of the year while during the morning and the night hours the levels increased due to both the adverse for pollution dispersion meteorological conditions observed during those hours and to the intense traffic observed at the same time (the levels are lower during the weekends especially on Sundays). Vellopoulou and Ashore (1998) …”

Section: Exposure To Carbon Monoxide In the Athens Urban Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature review section, we referred to the fact that during the winter (cold periods) the values of CO are larger than the corresponding CO values during summer (Viras et al, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time monitoring of carbon monoxide using value-at-risk measure and control charting

Bersimis

Degiannakis

Georgakellos

2016

Journal of Applied Statistics

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One of the most important environmental health issues is air pollution, causing the deterioration of the population's quality of life, principally in cities where the urbanization level seems limitless. Among ambient pollutants, carbon monoxide (CO) is well known for its biological toxicity. Many studies report associations between exposure to CO and excess mortality. In this context, the present work provides an advanced modelling scheme for real time monitoring of pollution data and especially of carbon monoxide pollution in city level. The real time monitoring is based on an appropriately adjusted multivariate time series model that is used in finance and gives accurate one-step-ahead forecasts. On the output of the time series, we apply an empirical monitoring scheme that is used for the early detection of abnormal increases of CO levels. The proposed methodology is applied in the city of Athens and as the analysis revealed has a valuable performance.

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Nine-year trend of air pollution by CO in Athens, Greece

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Monitoring air pollution: Use of early warning systems for public health

Monitoring air pollution: Use of early warning systems for public health

Short-Term Effects of Carbon Monoxide on Mortality: An Analysis within the APHEA Project

Real-time monitoring of carbon monoxide using value-at-risk measure and control charting

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