Nine‐year Follow‐up of Infants Weighing 1 500 g or Less at Birth

Michelsson, Katarina; Lindahl, Elina; Parre, Marjatta; Helenius, Maija

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb17784.x

Cited by 73 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Good antenatal care and appropriate timing of delivery most likely account for this, and neurological sequelae anyway are clearly too rough measures of the influence of a single obstetric factor. On the other hand, less severe neurological abnormalities can only be detected with certainty later in childhood [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determining the effect of pregnancy hypertension on a child's development is difficult, because a number of confounding perinatal factors exist, such as prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation [11,15,23]. However, this problem can largely be eliminated by equalising the index and control groups with respect to these factors and using statistical methods that consider all the variables equally and simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and development at the age of 1.5 years in children with maternal hypertension

Martikainen¹

1989

Jpme

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and development at the age of 1.5 years in children with maternal hypertension

Martikainen¹

1989

Jpme

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“…Children without major handicap were usually considered to be normal, although detailed testing revealed with decreasing birth weight and gestation minor neurodevelopmental abnormalities or a lower intelligence quotient [13,15,33,36]. However, since the introduction of neonatal intensive care, only a few comprehensive studies have regularly followed-up preterm infants until school age [6,30,35,52]. The effects of minor neurodevelopmental abnormalities on learning abilities still remain a matter of controversy [6,14,17,31,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopmental outcome and school performance of very-low-birth-weight infants at 8 years of age

et al. 1986

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The neurodevelopmental outcome and school performance of 50 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 33 small for gestational age (SGA) very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, compared to a control group (41 Term infants) were assessed at 8 years of age. The incidence of major handicaps among AGA and SGA/VLBW infants respectively, was 16% and 6%. No major handicap was found in the control group. The incidence of neurodevelopmental abnormalities (NDA) among AGA's (40%) and SGA's (57.6%) compared with the control group (31.7%) was found to be significantly higher. School failure occurred more frequently among VLBW infants (22.9%) and was related in children with NDA--and more particularly among AGA's--to the presence of language disorders or associated NDA. Evaluation of the consequences of NDA and school problems for later academic and professional achievement now requires further follow-up studies.

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“…The problems were varied and difficult to classify and might, at least in those with milder retardation, improve or resolve with advancing age [19]. Although the number of children was small and methods of ascertainment and classification not comparable, the percentage of children with psychomotor problems, and their severity appeared to be clearly greater than that reported for children of unselected groups of diabetic mothers encompassing all White classes [20][21][22][23]. In the two most recent of these series it was found that children of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers followed at age 4-5 years had an essentially normal cognitive development albeit a slightly increased risk for -mostly minor -motor developmental problems in comparison to children born to non-diabetic mothers [22,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Bloch-Petersen et al [23,24] also found that low birth weight and prematurity were associated with an increased risk of poor performance at age 4-5 years when examining 90 children of diabetic mothers in Denmark. Moreover, large series of children weighing < 2000 g or less at birth, born to non-diabetic mothers, found significantly more, albeit mostly minor, developmental problems at school age than in infants with higher birth weight [19,20,25]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancies in women with diabetic nephropathy: long-term outcome for mother and child

et al. 1995

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SummaryIn order to improve the basis upon which to advise women with diabetic nephropathy about pregnancy, we studied the effect of diabetic nephropathy on the course of pregnancy, perinatal outcome, infant development and long-term outcome of the mothers. All pregnancies of women with diabetic nephropathy (defined as proteinuria > 400 mg/day (n = 26), creatinine clearance < 80 ml/min and hypertension in the first trimester (n = 10)) followed at our centre from 1982 to 1992 were identified (34 White class F and 2 White class T) and the women and their children re-examined in the spring 1993. From the first to the third trimester the percentage of women with proteinuria over 3 g/day increased from 14 to 53 % and those treated with antihypertensive medication from 53 to 97 %. There were no intrauterine or perinatal deaths, but one child died suddenly 4 weeks postpartum. Of 36 newborns (gestational week at birth 36(3), birth weight 2384(834) g)), 11 were born before week 34 and 8 had respiratory distress syndrome. Renal function in the first trimester, diastolic blood pressure in the third trimester and an HbAlc above normal were predictive of gestational age at delivery and low birth weight (stepwise regression analysis). At follow-up of the children (n = 35, age 4.5 (0.4-10) years) the majority (n = 27) were normally developed but seven had psychomotor retardation (four of them major). One child had a severe motor retardation due to a congenital anomaly. At follow up, 21 of the 29 mothers had preserved renal function (creatinine 1.3 (0.8-4.3) mg/dl and 8 had developed end stage renal disease and required dialysis (2 of whom were White class T) within 3 (1-9) years postpartum. Of those, 4 women (3 White F and i White T) had died. Pregnancy did not seem to specifically accelerate the rate of decline of renal function. In women with diabetic nephropathy perinatal mortality can be prevented but perinatal and long-term infant morbidity remains elevated. Women with severely impaired renal function before pregnancy are at risk for serious morbidity when their children are still young. Improvement might be made if all women were to receive specialized care and counselling before, throughout and after pregnancy. [Diabetologia (1995) Today the perinatal outcome of pregnancies of diabetic women without advanced diabetic complications is similar to that in non-diabetic women, if there is normoglycaemic control throughout pregnancy. Therefore, in women with well-controlled diabetes who do not have nephropathy or other advanced vascular complications their decision about whether or not to have children will largely be influenced by factors not associated with diabetes itself. In contrast, for women with diabetic nephropathy (who in most cases also have proliferative retinopa-

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Nine‐year Follow‐up of Infants Weighing 1 500 g or Less at Birth

Cited by 73 publications

References 17 publications

Growth and development at the age of 1.5 years in children with maternal hypertension

Growth and development at the age of 1.5 years in children with maternal hypertension

Neurodevelopmental outcome and school performance of very-low-birth-weight infants at 8 years of age

Pregnancies in women with diabetic nephropathy: long-term outcome for mother and child

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