Nimodipine Affects the Microcirculation and Modulates the Vascular Effects of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition

Abstract

The present investigation was undertaken in order to study whether microvascular effects of the calcium antagonist nimodipine induces changes that can explain an increased detoxification of the highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitor soman. Anaesthetised, tracheotomised and artificially ventilated rats were treated intra-peritoneally (ip) with nimodipine, 10 mg kg -1 or vehicle followed one hour later by the exposure to 45 µg kg -1 soman (iv). Nimodipine per se induced a vasodilation in the intestine, myocardium and other muscles. In the abdominal skin soman elicited a significant vasoconstriction that was turned into an increased blood flow after nimodipine pre-treatment. A slight vasoconstriction in diaphragm of soman intoxicated rats was turned into a significant vasodilation by nimodipine pre-treatment. In the intestinal parts no effect of soman was detected. However, in nimodipine pretreated animals soman induced a significant vasoconstriction. The capacity of soman detoxifying processes, i.e. enzymatic hydrolysis and covalent binding to different esterases, is unequally distributed throughout the body.Together with the knowledge of the detoxifying processes of cholinesterase inhibition the results support our theory, that nimodipine alters the peripheral blood flow in a beneficial way resulting in improved detoxification ability.

Impact of Early Versus Late Intravenous Followed by Oral Nimodipine Treatment on the Occurrence of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Among Patients With Aneurysm Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

“…21 These mechanisms of nimodipine could ameliorate many pathological processes of DCI, such as cortical spreading depression, microcirculation vasoconstriction, microthromboembolism, and angiographic cerebral vasospasm. 22-24 Thus, benefits of nimodipine in aSAH patients did not depend purely on angiographic vasospasm prevention.…”

Inside-the-body light delivery system using endovascular therapy-based light illumination technology

“…NIR-PIT has only been conditionally approved in Japan for the treatment of unresectable, locally advanced, and recurrent head and neck cancers; additionally, its anticancer mechanism of action is attracting much attention. 29 , 30 NIR-PIT induces photonecrosis and immunogenic cell death by selectively destroying cancer cells and triggering a local immune response against cancer antigens released from dead cancer cells. This is achieved by combining an antibody–photon absorber conjugate and irradiating the lesion with NIR light with a specific wavelength of the photoabsorber that is least absorbed by water and haemoglobin (690 nm).…”

Επίδραση Της Αγγειοδιαστολής Στο Βλεννογόνο Του Λεπτού Εντέρου, Σε Επιμύες, Υπό Συνθήκες Λαπαροτομίας Και Ασιτίας

“…Επίσης, η nimodipine μειώνει την ενδοκρανιακή πίεση σε φυσιολογικές συνθήκες και δεν επιδεινώνει την ενδοκρανιακή υπέρταση μετά από το ΑΕΕ [342,354]. Η Nimodipine αποτελεί έναν ανταγωνιστή ασβεστίου, που υπάγεται στις διυδροπυριδίνες και ασκεί τις επιδράσεις της τόσο στα εγκεφαλικά όσο και στα περιφερικά αγγεία και ευνοεί την τριχοειδική-θρεπτική/τροφική ροή αίματος ιδίως στους σκελετικούς μυς [362].…”

“…Συνάμα, σε ένα μερικώς αντιστρεπτό μοντέλο εστιακής εγκεφαλικής ισχαιμίας, η ενδαρτηριακή χορήγηση nimodipine, περιορίζει την έκταση του εμφράκτου [384]. Η nimodipine χρησιμοποιείται κλινικά, τόσο για την πρόληψη όσο και τη θεραπεία του αγγειόσπασμου επί υπαραχνοειδούς αιμορραγίας, ενώ σε πειραματικά μοντέλα, έχει δειχθεί ότι προκαλεί αγγειοδιαστολή στο λεπτό έντερο, το μυοκάρδιο και άλλους μυς [362].…”