Night work, long work weeks, and risk of accidental injuries. A register-based study

Larsen, Ann Dyreborg; Hannerz, Harald; Møller, Simone Visbjerg; Dyreborg, Johnny; Bonde, Jens Peter; Hansen, Johnni; Kolstad, Henrik Albert; Hansen, Åse Marie; Garde, Anne Helene

doi:10.5271/sjweh.3668

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Excluding days with night and evening work during the past week within analyses of evening and night work, respectively, did not change the conclusions. With all workers included, our results of a higher risk of injury after evening and night work during the past week compared with day work, are generally in line with previous studies (19)(20)(21)(22). Another study using payroll information found a higher risk of occupational injuries in afternoon shifts (IRR 1.66, 95% CI 1.23-2.25) and midnight shifts (IRR 1.72, 95% CI 1.26-2.36) compared with day shifts among US police officers (19).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Previous studies have found an increased risk of injury among individuals who work night compared to day shifts (18)(19)(20) or shifts other than the night shift (21,22); similar results have been observed among workers with non-regular day work compared with those with regular day work (23,24). Furthermore, the number of consecutive night shifts (4) and night shifts in the past week have been associated with a higher risk of injury (25,26).…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

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Risk of injury after evening and night work – findings from the Danish Working Hour Database

Nielsen¹,

Larsen²,

Dyreborg³

et al. 2018

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Objectives Evening and night work have been associated with higher risk of injury than day work. However, previous findings may be affected by recall bias and unmeasured confounding from differences between day, evening and night workers. This study investigates whether evening and night work during the past week increases risk of injury when reducing recall bias and unmeasured confounding. Methods We linked daily working hours at the individual level of 69 200 employees (167 726 person years from 2008-2015), primarily working at hospitals to registry information on 11 834 injuries leading to emergency room visits or death. Analyses were conducted with Poisson regression models in the full population including permanent day, evening and night workers, and in two sub-populations of evening and night workers, with both day and evening or night work, respectively. Thus, the exchangeability between exposure and reference group was improved in the two sub-populations. Results Risk of injury was higher after a week with evening work [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-1.37] and night work (IRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.25-1.41) compared with only day work. Similar, although attenuated, estimates were found for evening work among evening workers (IRR 1.18, 95% CI 1.12-1.25), and for night work among night workers (IRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.20). Conclusion There is an overall increased risk of injury after a week that has included evening or night work compared with only day work. Though attenuated, the higher risk remains after reducing unmeasured confounding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

supporting

confidence: 63%

Risk of injury after evening and night work – findings from the Danish Working Hour Database

Nielsen¹,

Larsen²,

Dyreborg³

et al. 2018

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…As done in the studies of Kleppa et al , 26 Hannerz and Albertsen (2014) 16 and Larsen et al , 27 the present study treated the workers’ usual WWH as a categorical variable, with 32–40 WWH as a reference, 41–48 WWH to represent overtime work which lies within the limits of the European Working Time Directive and 49–100 WWH to represent overtime work beyond the threshold of the directive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long weekly working hours and ischaemic heart disease: a follow-up study among 145 861 randomly selected workers in Denmark

2018

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ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to test if incidences of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and usage of antihypertensive drugs are independent of weekly working hours (WWH) among full-time employees in Denmark.Design and participantsData on WWH from participants of the Danish labour force surveys, 1999–2013, were linked on an individual level to national registers with data on socioeconomic status (SES), industry, emigrations, redeemed prescriptions, hospital contacts and deaths. Participants were followed until the end of 2014 (on average 7.7 years). Poisson regression was used to model incidence rates as a function of WWH. The analyses were controlled for calendar time, time passed since start of follow-up, employment in the healthcare industry, age, sex, SES and night work.ResultsIn total, we found 3635 cases of IHD and 20 648 cases of antihypertensive drug usage. The rate ratio of IHD was 0.95 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.06) for 41–48 compared with 32–40 WWH and 1.07 (0.94 to 1.21) for >48 compared with 32–40 WWH. The corresponding rate ratios for antihypertensive drug usage were 0.99 (0.95 to 1.04) and 1.02 (0.97 to 1.08). No statistically significant interactions between WWH and sex, SES and night work, respectively, were found.ConclusionIn this Danish sample, we did not find any statistically significant association between WWH and IHD or antihypertensive drug usage.

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“…The statistical analyses are thereby blinded in the sense that all hypotheses, inclusion criteria, significance levels, and statistical models will be completely defined before we look at any relation between working time arrangements and psychotropic drugs or psychiatric hospital treatment in the datasets at hand. It should, however, be noted that the exposure data of the project have previously been analyzed in relation to circulatory disease [ 38 , 40 , 48 , 49 ], injuries [ 50 ], and all-cause mortality [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Associations Between Working Time Arrangements and Psychiatric Treatment in Denmark: Protocol for a Cohort Study

Hannerz¹,

Albertsen²,

Nielsen³

et al. 2020

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background The burden of mental ill health in working-age populations has prompted research on possible links between work-related factors and mental ill health. Long working hours and night shift work are some of the factors that have been studied in relation to the risk of developing mental ill health. Yet, previous studies have not generated conclusive evidence, and further studies of high quality are needed. Objective This study aims to investigate the prospective association between working time arrangements and mental health in terms of psychotropic drug usage or psychiatric hospital treatment in the general working population of Denmark. Methods Data on total weekly working hours in any job and night shift work from the Danish Labor Force Survey 2000–2013 will be linked to data from the Psychiatric Central Research Register (expected 2400 cases during 700,000 person years at risk) and National Prescription Registry (expected 17,400 cases during 600,000 person years at risk). Participants will be followed for up to 5 years. We will use Poisson regression to separately analyze incidence rates of redeemed prescriptions for psychotropic medicine and incidence rates of psychiatric hospital treatment due to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or stress-related disorders as a function of weekly working hours and night shift work. The analyses will be controlled for sex, age, calendar time of the interview, and socioeconomic status. Results This is a study protocol. Power calculations indicate that the study has sufficient statistical power to detect relatively small differences in risks and minor interactions (eg, ~90% power to detect a rate ratio of 1.1 for psychoactive medication use). We expect the analyses to be completed by the end of 2020 and the results to be published in 2021. Conclusions In this study protocol, all hypotheses and statistical models of the project have been completely defined before we link the exposure data to the outcome data. The results of the project will indicate to what extent and in what direction the national burden of mental ill health in Denmark has been influenced by long working hours and night shift work. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18236

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Night work, long work weeks, and risk of accidental injuries. A register-based study

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Risk of injury after evening and night work – findings from the Danish Working Hour Database

Risk of injury after evening and night work – findings from the Danish Working Hour Database

Long weekly working hours and ischaemic heart disease: a follow-up study among 145 861 randomly selected workers in Denmark

Prospective Associations Between Working Time Arrangements and Psychiatric Treatment in Denmark: Protocol for a Cohort Study

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