Night shift work, chronotype and prostate cancer risk in the MCC‐<scp>S</scp>pain case‐control study

Papantoniou, Kyriaki; Castaño‐Vinyals, Gemma; Espinosa, Ana; Aragonés, Núria; Pérez‐Gómez, Beatriz; Burgos, Javier; Gómez‐Acebo, Inés; Llorca, Javier; Peiró, Rosana; Jiménez-Moleón, José Juan; Arredondo, Francisco; Tardón, Adonina; Pollán, Marina; Kogevinas, Manolis

doi:10.1002/ijc.29400

Cited by 144 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For example, the risk to develop breast cancer was extensively increased in nurses exposed to long-term rotating night shift work [6]. Similar results were obtained for prostate cancer risk in night shift workers [7]. Out of note, in 2007 an agency of the WHO has classified night shift work leading to circadian disruption as 'probably carcinogenic' to humans [8].…”

Section: Circadian Clock Disruption Is Associated With Cancermentioning

confidence: 73%

The tumor circadian clock: a new target for cancer therapy?

Kiessling

Cermakian

2017

Future Oncol.

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Cancer is among the most frequent causes of death in humans. To date, established cancer therapies include surgery, radiation, chemo-and immunotherapy as well as hormonal treatments up to stem cell transplantation. In this editorial, we highlight an additional and so far underestimated factor involved in carcinogenesis and prognosis, namely biological clocks, which should be carefully considered to establish future cancer therapies. Disruption of the circadian clock was documented both in host-tissue and in cancer cells, and functional oscillations were associated with cancer prognosis and survival. We summarize recent advances in the field of chronobiology regarding the role of the host's and tumor-intrinsic circadian clock functions in carcinogenesis.The biological circadian clock controls cancer-related pathways A central clock in the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks in almost all organs and tissues altogether regulate physiological processes in a time of day dependent (circadian) manner. The molecular bases of circadian clocks are cellular oscillations generated by a number of rhythmically expressed interconnected clock genes [1]. Highthroughput experiments on murine tissues showed that in any given cell-type or organ, hundreds or thousands of genes are expressed with a circadian rhythm, and led to the estimation that around 50% of all genes oscillate in at least one organ [2]. As a consequence of this, most cellular and physiological processes show 24 h oscillations. This is the case of many aspects of the immune system, including many immune cells and responses of relevance to cancer [3]. Also, major regulators of the cell cycle and tumor suppressor genes were shown to be regulated by the circadian clock, such as WEE1, c-MYC and p21 [4]. Consistently, cell-cycle progression and proliferation show circadian regulation. Circadian clock disruption is associated with cancerMismatch between the internal clock and the external time disrupts the circadian network, as reported for example in shift workers [5], and has been associated with a wide range of pathologies and disease states including cancer [4]. Mounting evidence from human-based epidemiological studies suggested an effect of circadian disruption during shift work on cancer risk. For example, the risk to develop breast cancer was extensively increased in nurses exposed to long-term rotating night shift work [6]. Similar results were obtained for prostate cancer risk in night shift workers [7]. Out of note, in 2007 an agency of the WHO has classified night shift work leading to circadian disruption as 'probably carcinogenic' to humans [8]. Since then, there has been growing interest in understanding how circadian disruption may play a role in cancer development and progression. In support of human studies, experimental work in rodents documented accelerated tumor growth when mice, engrafted with lung adenocarcinoma or Glasgow osteosarcoma, were exposed to repeated jet lag conditions [9,10]. Similarly, enhanced tumor development has been described in mi...

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Section: Circadian Clock Disruption Is Associated With Cancermentioning

confidence: 73%

The tumor circadian clock: a new target for cancer therapy?

Kiessling

Cermakian

2017

Future Oncol.

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“…In the present study, we did not find differences in sunlight exposure between day and night workers. 3 Similarly in a recent nested case-control study, night shift workers reported more frequent sun exposure than those with day work, that often spend most of the daytime hours working indoors. 5 More data are needed on sun exposure and vitamin D levels among current and past night workers, in order to confirm if this biologically plausible hypothesis can explain part of the increased risk for prostate cancer observed among night shift workers.…”

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confidence: 90%

“…3 We assessed present and past sun exposure summer habits through a questionnaire, as proxies for vitamin D levels at least for the brightest months of the year, although we agree that it would have been preferable if more details (e.g., unbathing, protection cream) were available. All models were adjusted for past sun exposure that was not a major confounder of the night shift work-prostate cancer association.…”

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confidence: 99%

Authors' response to Letter to the Editor

Kogevinas

Papantoniou

2015

Int. J. Cancer

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We thank W.B. Grant for his comments on our paper on night shift work and prostate cancer risk and his suggestion that lack of vitamin D may be one of the causes for higher cancer risk in night workers.1 The association between night shift work and cancer including prostate cancer is complex. Several pathways are involved, including circadian disruption, melatonin suppression, sleep deprivation, circadian gene deregulation and lifestyles changes.2 It has been suggested that inadequate vitamin D levels related to reduced time spent outdoors among night workers may be one of the multiple underlying mechanisms and this is certainly a potential pathway linking night work and cancer that should be further examined.Our study is the first study to consider sun exposure as a possible confounding factor of the night work-prostate cancer association. 3 We assessed present and past sun exposure summer habits through a questionnaire, as proxies for vitamin D levels at least for the brightest months of the year, although we agree that it would have been preferable if more details (e.g., unbathing, protection cream) were available. All models were adjusted for past sun exposure that was not a major confounder of the night shift work-prostate cancer association. Studies on breast cancer that have accounted for sun exposure in their analyses reported only marginal changes in their night work risk estimates. 4,5 The role of sunlight exposure and vitamin D has been long debated and the evidence from observational studies, on levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and incidence of prostate cancer is inconclusive.6,7 Furthermore, although counterintuitive, it is not clear that night shift or rotating night shift workers spend less time or receive less sunlight exposure compared to day workers. In the present study, we did not find differences in sunlight exposure between day and night workers.3 Similarly in a recent nested case-control study, night shift workers reported more frequent sun exposure than those with day work, that often spend most of the daytime hours working indoors.5 More data are needed on sun exposure and vitamin D levels among current and past night workers, in order to confirm if this biologically plausible hypothesis can explain part of the increased risk for prostate cancer observed among night shift workers.

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“…Dear Sir, With interest we read the thought-provoking case-control study by Papantoniou et al 1 into night shift work and prostate cancer risk. We compliment the authors for employing chronotype information in their analyses as a means to capture the endogenous propensity to be awake and asleep.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…4 Our suggested definition of a CD metric 4 fills the gap how "shift work that involves circadian disruption" may be defined and used in epidemiological studies, namely "as the split physiological nexus of internal and external times." 4,5 Papantoniou et al 1 stated that their "data suggest that night shift work that involves circadian disruption may be associated with cancer promotion and therefore decreased survival." From our point of view, the authors analysed "night shift work" but not necessarily "night shift work that involves circadian disruption."…”

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confidence: 99%