Nigella sativa oil extract: A natural novel specific conjugal transfer inhibitor of vancomycin resistance from vanA/B-resistant Enterococcus faecium to Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Aim: The emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) has been identified as one of the most challenging problems in healthcare settings worldwide. Specific conjugation inhibitors' development is critical in the fight against the spread of emerging VRSA. The impact of Nigella sativa oil on VR genes conjugal transfer from Enterococcus faecium (VREtfm) to vancomycin-sensitive S. aureus (VSSA) was investigated in this study. Methods and Results: Enterococciwere isolated from retail broilers, fish, cows' milk, and human urine. VR E. faecalis and VREtfm VanA phenotypes were prevalent in retail broiler samples. The VREtfm isolates were dominant, exhibiting high levels of resistance to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics, as well as the existence of both vanA and vanB genes and virulence traits (ESP + , asa1 + ) as determined by PCR. Transconjugant VREtfm strains containing vanA/vabB and 20 kb plasmids (transfer frequency around 10 3 ) and carrying the Tn1546 transposon were identified. Tn1546 transposon transfer with its VR markers to VSSA was effectively inhibited in treated VREtfm donor strains with a sub-minimum inhibitory concentration of N. sativa oil. The Significance and Impact of the Study: This work offers new insights for overcoming VR conjugal transfer utilizing natural N. sativa oil, as well as a suggestion for a novel specialized conjugation inhibitor that could effectively facilitate the difficulty of eliminating VR bacteria from healthcare settings.

Protective effect of microbisporicin (NAI-107) against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium infection in a Galleria mellonella model

“…Additionally, NAI-107 was found to be effective against vanA E. faecium 569 and vanA E. faecalis A533 in vivo when administered intravenously to neutropenic mice 17 . In addition to bacteriocins, natural antimicrobial compounds or semi-synthetic derivatives of microbial natural products such as Nigella sativa oil extract, bacillusin A (23), Nicrophorusamide A , Urnucratin A have been shown to exhibit promising efficacy against VRE 18 – 20 .…”