Nigella sativa Extract Potentially Inhibited Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Induced Infection in Rabbits: Potential Immunomodulatory and Growth Promoting Properties

Abstract

Weaning is the most crucial period associated with increased stress and susceptibility to diseases in rabbits. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a historic emergent pathogen related to post weaning stressors, adversely affects rabbit’s growth rate and productive cycle. Since MRSA is rapidly evolving antibiotics resistance, natural products are desperately required to tackle the public health threats posed by antimicrobial resistance. Thus, this study aimed to screen the in vitro antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa extract (NSE) and its interactions with antibiotics against MRSA isolates. Moreover, 200 weaned rabbits were divided into 4 groups to investigate the in vivo superiority of NSE graded levels towards growth performance, tight junction integrity, immune responsiveness and resistance against MRSA. Herein, NSE showed promising antimicrobial activities against MRSA isolates from animal (77.8%) and human (64.3%) origins. Additionally, MRSA isolates exposed to NSE became sensitive to all antimicrobials to which they were previously resistant. Our results described that the growth-promoting functions of NSE, especially at higher levels, were supported by elevated activities of digestive linked enzymes. Post-NSE feeding, rabbits’ sera mediated bactericidal activities against MRSA. Notably, upregulated expression of occludin, CLDN-1, MUC-2 and JAM-2 genes was noted post NSE supplementation with maximum transcriptional levels in 500 mg/kg NSE fed group. Our data described that NSE constitutively motivated rabbits’ immune responses and protected them against MRSA-induced experimental infection. Our results suggest the antimicrobial, growth stimulating and immunomodulation activities of NSE to maximize the capability of rabbits for disease response.

Impacts of Fortifying Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Diet with Different Strains of Microalgae on Its Performance, Fillet Quality and Disease Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila Considering the Interplay between Antioxidant and Inflammatory Response

“…In accordance, dietary feeding on Schizochytrium species for Nile tilapia [ 11 ] and Nannochloropsis species for European sea bass [ 64 ] improved their growth rates to certain limits, while feeding of Nile tilapia in our study on a combination of selected microalgae enhanced the growth performance parameters of Nile tilapia more prominently, especially with increasing their inclusion levels (up to 3%). Besides, more efficient digestion due to higher digestive enzymes’ activities was detected in groups exhibiting improved growth-related parameters and those fed higher levels of microalgae mixtures, which came in the same line with the findings stated previously [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. These positive outcomes in allover growth performance parameters could be attributed to the high contents of microalgae DHA and EPA fatty acids those are linked with the improved health condition of fish, especially those reared under intensive farming conditions [ 70 ].…”

Liposomal encapsulated oregano, cinnamon, and clove oils enhanced the performance, bacterial metabolites antioxidant potential, and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens

“…Additionally, previous studies stated that EOs had a stimulating role in the digestive system, which lead to better absorption and performance of broilers ( amroz, 2002 ; Asghar et al, 2022 ). This could be explained by their great enhancing effects on digestive enzymes ( Asghar et al, 2022 ) and their effectiveness in enhancing the retention and utilization of nutrients ( Elmowalid et al, 2022 ), which are resulted from their incorporation in liposomes particles ( de Souza et al, 2022 ). Recent studies stated that phytochemicals have enhanced the digestibility of broiler chickens at the molecular levels ( Bendary et al, 2020 ; Ibrahim et al, 2021a ).…”

Efficacy of Nigella sativa in Wound Healing

“…During a study, the topical applications of N. sativa extract and mupirocin on neonates suffering from Staphylococcal pustular skin infections produced almost identical results. The applications of N. sativa extract against highly resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, have produced promising results in various investigations [49,50] . Acute and chronic lesions could be treated in various ways.…”