1 Nietzsche's Metaethics? A natural entrée into Nietzsche's views on ethics and normativity is by way of an interpretive puzzle. Some of Nietzsche's claims about value can seem puzzling when seen alongside his expressions of his own values. It is surprising when the same person who writes We have thought the matter over and finally decided that there is nothing good, nothing beautiful, nothing sublime, nothing evil in itself, but that there are states of soul in which we impose such words upon things external to and within us. (D 210)1 also-in the same book even!-writes It goes without saying that I do not deny-unless I am a fool-that many actions called immoral ought to be avoided and resisted, or that many called moral ought to be done and encouraged. (D 103) 1I use the following standard acronyms when citing Nietzsche's texts: The Antichrist (A); Beyond Good and Evil (BGE); The Birth of Tragedy (BT); The Case of Wagner (CW); Daybreak (D); Ecce Homo (EH); On the Genealogy of Morality (GM); The Gay Science (GS); Human, All-Too-Human (HH); Nietzsche contra Wagner (NCW); Twilight of the Idols (TI); Untimely Meditations (UM); Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Z). I cite The Wanderer and His Shadow, incorporated as Part II of Volume II of HH, as WS. I use Roman numerals to refer to major parts and chapters (if there are any), and Arabic numerals to refer to sections. Regarding Nietzsche's Nachlass, if a note is included in The Will to Power (as decided by later editors), I cite it as WP. If it isn't included, I cite it by the volume, notebook number, and note number in Colli & Montinari 1980 (KSA). I include the year for all notes.