Nicotinic plant poisoning

Schep, Leo J.; Slaughter, Robin J; Beasley, D. M. G.

doi:10.1080/15563650903252186

Cited by 104 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The onset of symptoms in an acute nicotine alkaloid poisoning is usually rapid, within 15-30 min of ingestion and the symptoms often follow a biphasic pattern with initial vomiting and adrenergic stimulation followed by symptoms of ganglionic and neuromuscular blockage [22,23]. The present case is consistent with this pattern of nicotinic intoxication with vomiting and dizziness developing 30 min after ingestion, followed by a respiratory arrest after about 90 min.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Poisoning by anabasine is characterized by nicotine-like toxicity. The clinical effects of nicotine alkaloid toxicity are the result of the summation of actions at ganglionic sites, motor end plates, and smooth muscle [17,18,[21][22][23]. Nicotine alkaloids initially stimulate the ganglia of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems by direct cholinomimetic action on the ganglia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nicotiana glauca (Tree Tobacco) Intoxication—Two Cases in One Family

et al. 2010

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We present two cases of rare human poisoning in one family following ingestion of cooked leaves from the tobacco tree plant, Nicotiana glauca. The toxic principle of N. glauca, anabasine (C10H14N2), is a small pyridine alkaloid, similar in both structure and effects to nicotine, but appears to be more potent in humans. A 73-year-old female tourist from France, without remarkable medical history, collapsed at home following a few hours long prodrome of dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and malaise. The symptoms developed shortly after eating N. glauca cooked leaves that were collected around her daughter's house in Jerusalem and mistaken for wild spinach. She was found unconscious, with dilated pupils and extreme bradycardia. Following resuscitation and respiratory support, circulation was restored. However, she did not regain consciousness and died 20 days after admission because of multi-organ failure. Anabasine was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method in N. glauca leaves and in the patient's urine. Simultaneously, her 18-year-old grandson developed weakness and myalgia after ingesting a smaller amount of the same meal. He presented to the same emergency room in a stable condition. His exam was remarkable only for sinus bradycardia. He was discharged without any specific treatment. He recovered in 24 h without any residual sequelae. These cases raise an awareness of the potential toxicity caused by ingestion of tobacco tree leaves and highlight the dangers of ingesting botanicals by lay public. Moreover, they add to the clinical spectrum of N. glauca intoxication.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotiana glauca (Tree Tobacco) Intoxication—Two Cases in One Family

et al. 2010

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“…High levels of anabasine, a piperidine alkaloid isomer of nicotine, have been reported in this plant as far as 1935 (Smith, 1935;Galiana and VigueraLoko, 1964), and confirmed in many other chemical studies (Lisko et al, 2013). Ingestion of this alkaloid can result in severe or lethal poisoning in humans, livestock and poultries (Papavisiliu and Heliakis, 1947;Castorena et al, 1987;Sims et al, 1999;Mizrachi et al, 2000;Schep et al, 2009;Botha et al, 2011;Semmler et al, 2012). Also, teratogenic activity has been attributed to this alkaloid (Keeler et al, 1981;Green et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Methanol Extracts and Alkaloid Fractions of four Mexican Medicinal Plants of Solanaceae

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Background: Methanol extracts and alkaloid fractions of different parts of four plant species belonging to Solanaceae family and used in Mexican traditional medicine were investigated for their total phenolic contents, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Materials and Methods: The total phenolic compounds of each extract was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while the in vitro radical scavenging activities of the extracts were assessed using the DPPH and ABTS radicals. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was determined using the TPA-induced mouse ear edema model. Results:The methanol extracts contained the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds and also exhibited the best reducing power on the DPPH and ABTS radicals, in a concentration-dependent fashion. However, the anti-inflammatory activity did not follow the same trend, as some alkaloid fractions that showed low radical reducing power exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion:The methanol extract obtained from the flowers of Nicotiana glauca presented the best overall performance with the largest amount of phenolic compounds (111 µg garlic acid equivalents/g of extract), the best antioxidant activity (94.80% inhibition of DPPH and 97.57% of ABTS) and the highest anti-inflammatory activity (81.93% inhibition of the inflammation).

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“…Nicotine is metabolized in the liver, primarily by cytochrome P450 2A6, generating cotinine, which is probably inactive. The half-life of nicotine averages 2 h, while the half-life of cotinine averages 16 h. Owing to the short half-life of nicotine, cotinine is widely used as a quantitative marker for exposure to nicotine (for example, as a diagnostic test for the use of tobacco) [8,9]. Nicotine acts as an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%