2005
DOI: 10.1007/s10571-005-3968-4
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Nicotinic Agonists, Antagonists, and Modulators From Natural Sources

Abstract: 1. Acetylcholine receptors were initially defined as nicotinic or muscarinic, based on selective activation by two natural products, nicotine and muscarine. Several further nicotinic agonists have been discovered from natural sources, including cytisine, anatoxin, ferruginine, anabaseine, epibatidine, and epiquinamide. These have provided lead structures for the design of a wide range of synthetic agents. 2. Natural sources have also provided competitive nicotinic antagonists, such as the Erythrina alkaloids, … Show more

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Cited by 180 publications
(147 citation statements)
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“…39) The term aimed at differentiating these new insecticides based on their unique structural and pharmacophoric features compared to the nicotinoids (a term also suggested by Yamamoto back in the 1960s) 40) which are likewise nAChR orthosteric modulators yet containing a key basic nitrogen and structurally related to nicotine (for instance epibatidine, cytisine, anatoxin). 41) Imidacloprid was actually not discovered from natural alkaloids but from synthetic nitromethylene heterocycles (Fig. 4).…”
Section: Nachr Orthosteric Modulatorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…39) The term aimed at differentiating these new insecticides based on their unique structural and pharmacophoric features compared to the nicotinoids (a term also suggested by Yamamoto back in the 1960s) 40) which are likewise nAChR orthosteric modulators yet containing a key basic nitrogen and structurally related to nicotine (for instance epibatidine, cytisine, anatoxin). 41) Imidacloprid was actually not discovered from natural alkaloids but from synthetic nitromethylene heterocycles (Fig. 4).…”
Section: Nachr Orthosteric Modulatorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[25][26][27] It is surprising that the lobeline structure is predicted as clearly agonist-bound, and we therefore proceeded to investigate the 2BYS structure using MD simulation. As described in the Materials and Methods section, we launched an MD simulation of the 2BYS structure with lobeline bound.…”
Section: Evaluation Of Crystal Structures Containing Ligands Of Unclementioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is estimated that more than 4,000 compounds are present in tobacco leaves and tobacco smoke [22]. While the pharmacological activity of the majority of these compounds have not been identified, several commercially available alkaloid components of tobacco smoke have been structurally characterized [22] and their binding affinities to nAChRs established [23][24][25]. Thus, tobacco smoke represents a complex mixture containing pharmacologically active components, which can be used as a model for the "missing peak" chromatographic screening of medicinally active biological and chemical mixtures.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%