Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit proteins ?7 and ?4 decrease in the superior cervical ganglion after axotomy

Zhou, Yuefang; Deneris, Evan S.; Zigmond, Richard E.

doi:10.1002/1097-4695(20010215)46:3<178::aid-neu1001>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The transcript levels of ␣ 3 -, ␣ 5 -, ␣ 7 -and ␤ 4 -but not ␤ 2 -subunits in the SCG neurons have been shown to decrease in chronically denervated, but not decentralized, rat SCGs (11,48,51,52), suggesting that ␣ 3 ␤ 2 -nAChR and other subunits including ␣ 3 ␤ 4 -and ␣ 7 -nAChRs are located mainly on the postganglionic neurons of the SCGs. This finding allows a reasonable prediction that ␣ 3 ␤ 2 -nAChRs are present on the sympathetic nerve terminals on the arterial wall, mediating nicotine-induced cerebral neurogenic nitrergic vasodilation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sympathetic α₃β₂-nAChRs mediate cerebral neurogenic nitrergic vasodilation in the swine

Lee

Liu²,

Chen

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Lee RH, Liu YQ, Chen PY, Liu CH, Chen MF, Lin HW, Kuo JS, Premkumar LS, Lee TJ. Sympathetic ␣3␤2-nAChRs mediate cerebral neurogenic nitrergic vasodilation in the swine. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 301: H344 -H354, 2011. First published May 2, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00172.2011.-The ␣7-nicotinic ACh receptor (␣7-nAChR) on sympathetic neurons innervating basilar arteries of pigs crossed bred between Landrace and Yorkshire (LY) is known to mediate nicotine-induced, ␤-amyloid (A␤)-sensitive nitrergic neurogenic vasodilation. Preliminary studies, however, demonstrated that nicotine-induced cerebral vasodilation in pigs crossbred among Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc (LYD) was insensitive to A␤ and ␣-bungarotoxin (␣-BGTX). We investigated nAChR subtype on sympathetic neurons innervating LYD basilar arteries. Nicotine-induced relaxation of porcine isolated basilar arteries was examined by tissue bath myography, inward currents on nAChR-expressing oocytes by two-electrode voltage recording, and mRNA and protein expression in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and middle cervical ganglion (MCG) by reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting. Nicotine-induced basilar arterial relaxation was not affected by A␤, ␣-BGTX, and ␣-conotoxin IMI (␣7-nAChR antagonists), or ␣-conotoxin AuIB (␣3␤4-nAChR antagonist) but was inhibited by tropinone and tropane (␣3-containing nAChR antagonists) and ␣-conotoxin MII (selective ␣ 3␤2-nAChR antagonist). Nicotine-induced inward currents in ␣ 3␤2-nAChR-expressing oocytes were inhibited by ␣-conotoxin MII but not by ␣-BGTX, A␤, or ␣-conotoxin AuIB. mRNAs of ␣ 3-, ␣7-, ␤2-, and ␤4-subunits were expressed in both SCGs and MCGs with significantly higher mRNAs of ␣ 3-, ␤2-, and ␤ 4-subunits than that of ␣7-subunit. The A␤-insensitive sympathetic ␣ 3␤2-nAChR mediates nicotine-induced cerebral nitrergic neurogenic vasodilation in LYD pigs. The different finding from A␤-sensitive ␣ 7-nAChR in basilar arteries of LY pigs may offer a partial explanation for different sensitivities of individuals to A␤ in causing diminished cerebral nitrergic vasodilation in diseases involving A␤.␣ 3␤2-nicotinic ACh receptor; axo-axonal interaction; ␤-amyloid; cerebral perivascular sympathetic nerves; superior cervical ganglion IT IS WELL ESTABLISHED THAT cerebral arteries receive dense sympathetic innervation originating in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) (24, 50) and that nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) on the nerve terminals regulate norepinephrine (NE) release (50). In the pigs crossbred between Landrace and Yorkshire in the United States, activation by nicotinic agonists of the nAChRs on perivascular sympathetic nerves innervating cerebral arteries results in release of NE, which then causes release of nitric oxide (NO) from the nearby parasympathetic nitrergic nerves and dilation of the arteries (22, 39). This nicotinic agonist-induced axo-axonal interaction leading to nitrergic vasodilation is mediated by the ␣ 7 -nAChR subtype (39). The vasodilation is blocked by ␤-amyloid peptide (A␤) via inhib...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sympathetic α₃β₂-nAChRs mediate cerebral neurogenic nitrergic vasodilation in the swine

Lee

Liu²,

Chen

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…In vivo, the sources of NGF are certain target organs, from which it moves by retrograde transport up nerve axons to cell bodies of neurons that have trkA receptors; SCG axons innervate the salivary glands, one of the richest sources of NGF. After axotomy or placing the SCG in organ culture, mRNA transcripts for the ␣3, ␣5, and ␤4 subunits as well as the density of the ␣3 and the ␤4 subunit protein decrease markedly within a few days; NGF partially prevents and can even reverse these changes (Zhou et al, 1998(Zhou et al, , 2001Yeh et al, 2001). NGF also influences nAChRs in cultured nodose neurons (Mandelzys et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors in Rat Superior Cervical and Nodose Ganglia

Mao

Yasuda²,

Fan³

et al. 2006

Mol Pharmacol

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Nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) are present in ganglia in the peripheral nervous system. In autonomic ganglia, they are responsible for fast synaptic transmission, whereas in the sensory ganglia and sensory neurons, they may be involved in modulation of neurotransmission. The present study measured nAChRs in several rat autonomic ganglia: the superior cervical ganglia (SCG), sensory nodose ganglia, stellate ganglia, and pelvic ganglia. The densities of the heteromeric nAChRs determined by receptor binding assay in those four ganglia are 481, 45, 9, and 11 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Immunoprecipitation studies with subunit-specific antibodies showed that a majority of the nAChRs in the SCG and nodose ganglia contain the ␣3 and ␤4 subunits, but a significant percentage of the nAChRs in these ganglia also contain ␣5 and ␤2 subunits. A small percentage of the nAChRs in nodose ganglia also contain ␣2 and ␣4 subunits. Sequential immunoprecipitation assays indicated that in the SCG, all ␣5 subunits are associated with ␣3 and ␤4 subunits, forming the mixed heteromeric ␣3␤4␣5 subtype. A receptor composed of ␣3, ␤2, and ␤4 subunits in the SCG was also detected. In rat SCG, we found the following distribution of nAChRs subtypes: 55 to 60% simple ␣3␤4 subtype, 25 to 30% ␣3␤4␣5 subtype, and 10 to 15% ␣3␤4␤2 subtype. These findings indicate that the nAChRs in SCG and nodose ganglia are heterogeneous, which suggests that different receptor subtypes may play different roles in these ganglia or may be activated under different conditions. Neuronal nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels present throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the autonomic nervous system, they mediate the fast synaptic transmission crucial to the functions of both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia. In addition, they are found in sensory ganglia and sensory neurons (Mandelzys et al., 1990(Mandelzys et al., , 1994Flores et al., 1996), in which they may modulate neurotransmission (Cooper, 2001). These receptors are pentameric structures composed of ␣ and ␤ subunits. Nine ␣ (␣2-␣10) and three ␤ (␤2-␤4) subunits have been identified in the vertebrate nervous system. The heteromeric nAChRs are composed of at least one type of ␣ subunit and one type of ␤ subunit. For example, the ␣3␤4* and ␣4␤2* are the predominant heteromeric subtypes in autonomic ganglia and the central nervous system, respectively. By convention, the asterisk denotes the possibility that one or more unidentified subunits are present in those receptors. For example, although expression of ␣3 and ␤4 subunits or ␣3 and ␤2 subunits results in functional nAChRs in heterologous expression systems (Covernton et al

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“…The idea that there is a shift in the neurons’ phenotype promoting survival and regeneration and downregulating molecules involved in neurotransmission is supported by early studies in the sympathetic nervous system which showed increases in tubulin expression accompanied by a decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase expression (Cheah and Geffen, 1973; Koo et al, 1988; Sun and Zigmond, 1996a). Later studies showed the downregulation of a large number of synaptic transmission related molecules (Zhou et al, 1998; 2001; Boeshore et al, 2004). A number of array studies have been performed which provide more complete analysis of the overall gene expression changes following peripheral nerve injury in the DRG, SCG, and facial motor nucleus (Costigan et al, 2002; Boeshore et al, 2004; Zujovic et al, 2005; Kim et al, 2009; Michaelevski et al, 2010b; Ben-Yaakov et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Cell Body Response To Axotomymentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuroimmunology of degeneration and regeneration in the peripheral nervous system

et al. 2015

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Peripheral nerves regenerate following injury due to the effective activation of the intrinsic growth capacity of the neurons and the formation of a permissive pathway for outgrowth due to Wallerian degeneration. Wallerian degeneration and subsequent regeneration are significantly influenced by various immune cells and the cytokines they secrete. Although macrophages have long been known to play a vital role in the degenerative process, recent work has pointed to their importance in influencing the regenerative capacity of peripheral neurons. In this review, we focus on the various immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines that make regeneration possible in the peripheral nervous system, with specific attention placed on the role macrophages play in this process.

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit proteins ?7 and ?4 decrease in the superior cervical ganglion after axotomy

Cited by 28 publications

References 65 publications

Sympathetic α₃β₂-nAChRs mediate cerebral neurogenic nitrergic vasodilation in the swine

Sympathetic α₃β₂-nAChRs mediate cerebral neurogenic nitrergic vasodilation in the swine

Heterogeneity of Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors in Rat Superior Cervical and Nodose Ganglia

The neuroimmunology of degeneration and regeneration in the peripheral nervous system

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit proteins ?7 and ?4 decrease in the superior cervical ganglion after axotomy

Cited by 28 publications

References 65 publications

Sympathetic α3β2-nAChRs mediate cerebral neurogenic nitrergic vasodilation in the swine

Sympathetic α3β2-nAChRs mediate cerebral neurogenic nitrergic vasodilation in the swine

Heterogeneity of Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors in Rat Superior Cervical and Nodose Ganglia

The neuroimmunology of degeneration and regeneration in the peripheral nervous system

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Sympathetic α₃β₂-nAChRs mediate cerebral neurogenic nitrergic vasodilation in the swine

Sympathetic α₃β₂-nAChRs mediate cerebral neurogenic nitrergic vasodilation in the swine