Nicotine Replacement Therapy : An Overview

Wadgave, Umesh; Nagesh, L

doi:10.12816/0048737

Cited by 88 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Patients were followed up for 12 months during which they attended group psychological counselling once a week for the first month and were clinically reassessed by the pulmonologist on the 3rd, 6th and 12th month. Suitable patients were also prescribed pharmacological therapy with either varenicline 27 or nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) through electronic nicotine delivery systems or nicotine transdermal patches 28 , according to clinical and smoking history, psychiatric evaluation and taking into account drug interactions with patients' chronic therapy. Every visit consisted of a clinical assessment, and a pharmacological adjustment if considered necessary by the treating physician.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a multidisciplinary approach for smoking cessation in patients with Crohn’s disease: Results from an observational cohort study

Santus¹,

Radovanovic²,

Райтери³

et al. 2020

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for Crohn's disease (CD). The effectiveness of smoking cessation programs (SCPs) in patients with CD is still poorly understood. METHODS This was a retrospective, observational, single-centre, cohort study of 136 active smokers with mean age 55 years (SD=11), 58% males, including 27 (19.8%) patients with CD who entered the multidisciplinary SCP of the Luigi Sacco University Hospital of Milan from January 2017 through January 2019. A pulmonologist was responsible for the clinical and pharmacological management, while a psychiatrist and a psychologist conducted the counselling and assessed the motivation to quit, anxiety and depression using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the nicotine dependence with the Fagerström test. Patients were defined as quitters after 12 months. RESULTS Demographic and clinical characteristics, and Fagerström score, did not differ in patients with and without CD. At baseline, patients with CD had a higher BPRS (median: 27, IQR: 22-32; vs 25 and 22-28.5; p=0.03), and a lower motivation to quit score (median: 10, IQR: 9-13; vs 14 and 12-15; p<0.001). After 12 months, the quitting rate of smokers with CD was significantly lower (14.8% vs 36.7%; p<0.022) and the chance of quitting was negatively associated with the baseline BPRS (r=-0.256; p<0.003). Varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy tended to be less effective in patients with CD. CONCLUSIONS The lower efficacy of SCPs in patients with CD might be secondary to a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression. Psychological issue recognition and support should be enhanced to increase SCP effectiveness in CD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a multidisciplinary approach for smoking cessation in patients with Crohn’s disease: Results from an observational cohort study

Santus¹,

Radovanovic²,

Райтери³

et al. 2020

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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“…Given that NRT was the first approved treatment for nicotine dependence, numerous studies and reviews have accumulated in the literature . Robust evidence suggests that NRT products are effective treatments for quitting smoking.…”

Section: Evidence‐based Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Given that NRT was the first approved treatment for nicotine dependence, numerous studies and reviews have accumulated in the literature. 8,9 Robust evidence suggests that NRT products are effective treatments for quitting smoking. As such, it is not surprising that a systematic review including 150 trials, with over 50,000 participants, comparing any type of NRT versus placebo or non-NRT control group, reported that all NRT formulations consistently improved cessation rates.…”

Section: Nicotine Replacement Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapies for Cessation of Tobacco Smoking

et al. 2018

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Tobacco use disorder is a chronic illness. With its high comorbidity rate, it is a major cause of years of life lost or years lived with disability; however, it is also considered the most preventable cause of death in developed countries. Since the development of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in 1978, treatment options have continued to evolve and expand. Despite this, currently available treatments remain insufficient, with less than 25% of smokers remaining abstinent 1 year after treatment. In this article, we review existing and emerging smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, with a special emphasis on the most promising agents that are currently being investigated. A search of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the PubMed, Ovid, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases (August 2 to September 1, 2017) was undertaken for articles on smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, applying no language restrictions. More than 40 pharmacotherapies were reviewed including conventional pharmacotherapies-NRT, bupropion, and varenicline (all approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as first-line treatment of smoking cessation)-and novel therapies: cytisine, N-acetylcysteine, cycloserine, memantine, baclofen, topiramate, galantamine, and bromocriptine. Studies of combination NRT and varenicline showed the greatest smoking cessation rates. Clonidine and nortriptyline are second-line treatments used when first-line treatments fail or are contraindicated, or by patient preference. Some novel therapies, especially acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, cytisine, and N-acetylcysteine, display promising results. Because the results of randomized clinical trials were reported using varied end points and outcome measures, direct comparisons between different pharmacotherapies cannot easily be evaluated. Additional high-quality randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials with long-term follow-up, using validated sustained abstinence measures, are needed to find more effective smoking cessation aids.

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“…MATERIALS & METHOD (7,8) A thorough literature search was performed to understand and identify the updates in the field of Bioterrorism.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioterrorism: A Global Threat

Prashanth¹,

Minal²,

Arun³

et al. 2016

Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry

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Terror is a Latin word which means to frighten. Terrorism usually refers to killing of innocent people by antisocial groups with the vested interest of their own. Terrorism is practiced by collecting people from different regions, religions, of different age groups, by keeping objectives like social, economic or political. Sometimes terrorists stop or discriminate their activities once they achieve their goal. Bioterrorism is the intentional use of biological agents or their products to cause harm. Sometimes such attacks might be done to create a publicity or media spectacle. It is the unlawful use of force and violence against people. Biological weapon can strike suddenly without any warning and cause hazardous effects for longer duration. The effectiveness of the attack not lies in the act itself but also in the reaction of public and Government. Delivery of the biological agents can be through letters, parcels, toys, food items, books or anything. It is easy for bioterrorist to transfer the agents through these media or environment.

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Nicotine Replacement Therapy : An Overview

Cited by 88 publications

References 55 publications

The effect of a multidisciplinary approach for smoking cessation in patients with Crohn’s disease: Results from an observational cohort study

The effect of a multidisciplinary approach for smoking cessation in patients with Crohn’s disease: Results from an observational cohort study

Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapies for Cessation of Tobacco Smoking

Bioterrorism: A Global Threat

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