Nicotine related brain activity: The influence of smoking history and blood nicotine levels, an exploratory study

Yamamoto, Rinah T.; Rohan, Michael L.; Goletiani, Nathalie V.; Olson, David P.; Peltier, MacKenzie R.; Renshaw, Perry F.; Mello, Nancy K.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.002

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…First, using blood oxygen level‐dependent fMRI, alterations of resting‐state functional connectivity in heavy smokers might be a result of vascular and neuroadaptations involved in chronic cigarette exposure (Yamamoto et al . ), thus further study should be performed to validate our findings. Second, alcohol consumption in the subjects was not assessed quantitatively using tools such as alcohol use disorders identification test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Altered brain functional networks in heavy smokers

Lin

Zhu

et al. 2014

Addiction Biology

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Recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that cigarette smoking is associated with changed brain structure and function. However, little is known about alterations of the topological organization of brain functional networks in heavy smokers. Thirty-one heavy smokers and 33 non-smokers underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The whole-brain functional networks were constructed by thresholding the correlation matrices of 90 brain regions and their topological properties were analyzed using graph network analysis. Non-parametric permutation tests were performed to investigate group differences in network topological measures and multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationships between the network metrics and smoking-related variables. Both heavy smokers and non-smokers exhibited small-world architecture in their brain functional networks. Compared with non-smokers, however, heavy smokers showed altered topological measurements characterized by lower global efficiency, higher local efficiency and clustering coefficients and greater path length. Furthermore, heavy smokers demonstrated decreased nodal global efficiency mainly in brain regions within the default mode network, whereas increased nodal local efficiency predominated in the visual-related regions. In addition, heavy smokers exhibited an association between the altered network metrics and the duration of cigarette use or the severity of nicotine dependence. Our results suggest that heavy smokers may have less efficient network architecture in the brain, and chronic cigarette smoking is associated with disruptions in the topological organization of brain networks. Our findings may further the understanding of the effects of chronic cigarette smoking on the brain and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying nicotine dependence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Altered brain functional networks in heavy smokers

Lin

Zhu

et al. 2014

Addiction Biology

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“…Nicotine (absorbed into the blood through the vapour produced by the ENDS) is likely to only enter the brain between 5 and 20 seconds after each inhalation 11 , and modelling this effect within a conventional fMRI design would be difficult, since the timing of the nicotine ‘hit’ after each trial is somewhat uncertain. There is a large literature on nicotine and its pure pharmacological effects are relatively well understood 6 , 7 . The current data stand as complementary to this literature, and provide a visualisation of brain processes related to the consumption of nicotine in a relatively naturalistic manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the neural correlates of smoking: Feasibility and results of combining electronic cigarettes with fMRI

Wall

Lyons

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Cigarette addiction is driven partly by the physiological effects of nicotine, but also by the distinctive sensory and behavioural aspects of smoking, and understanding the neural effects of such processes is vital. There are many practical difficulties associated with subjects smoking in the modern neuroscientific laboratory environment, however electronic cigarettes obviate many of these issues, and provide a close simulation of smoking tobacco cigarettes. We have examined the neural effects of ‘smoking’ electronic cigarettes with concurrent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The results demonstrate the feasibility of using these devices in the MRI environment, and show brain activation in a network of cortical (motor cortex, insula, cingulate, amygdala) and sub-cortical (putamen, thalamus, globus pallidus, cerebellum) regions. Concomitant relative deactivations were seen in the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex. These results reveal the brain processes involved in (simulated) smoking for the first time, and validate a novel approach to the study of smoking, and addiction more generally.

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“…Unilateral reduction in right hemisphere structures was rarely mentioned but has been reported for the olfactory gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex [ 25 ] and the cerebellum [ 27 ]. A study of brain activation following nicotine infusion showed increased activity bilaterally in several structures but also decreased activity in some structures including the left hippocampus, which was the only unilateral structure mentioned [ 29 ]. Overall, nicotine seems to affect the left hemisphere structures more than the right.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laterality of Brain Activation for Risk Factors of Addiction

Gordon

2016

CDAR

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Background Laterality of brain activation is reported for tests of risk factors of addiction—impulsivity and craving—but authors rarely address the potential significance of those asymmetries. Objective The purpose of this study is to demonstrate this laterality and discuss its relevance to cognitive and neurophysiological asymmetries associated with drug abuse vulnerability in order to provide new insights for future research in drug abuse. Method From published reports, brain areas of activation for two tests of response inhibition or craving for drugs of abuse were compiled from fMRI activation peaks were tabulated for eight sections (octants) in each hemisphere. Percent asymmetries were calculated (R−L/R+L) across studies for each area. Results For impulsivity, most activation peaks favored the right hemisphere. Overall, the percent difference was 32% (Χ2 = 16.026; p < .0001) with the greater asymmetry for anterior peaks (46.8%; Χ2 = 17.329; p < .0001). The asymmetries for cue-induced craving were opposite, favoring the left hemisphere by 6.7% (Χ2 = 4.028; p < .05). The consistency of left asymmetry was found for almost all drugs. For nicotine, studies where subjects were not allowed to smoke (deprived) prior to measurement had the same left hemisphere activation but those who smoked (satiated) before the fMRI measure showed right asymmetry. Conclusions Brain activation studies demonstrate different left/right hemispheric contributions for impulsivity versus craving—factors related to addiction. Failure to take laterality into consideration is a missed opportunity in designing studies and gaining insight into the etiology of drug abuse and pathways for treatment.

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Nicotine related brain activity: The influence of smoking history and blood nicotine levels, an exploratory study

Cited by 17 publications

References 66 publications

Altered brain functional networks in heavy smokers

Altered brain functional networks in heavy smokers

Investigating the neural correlates of smoking: Feasibility and results of combining electronic cigarettes with fMRI

Laterality of Brain Activation for Risk Factors of Addiction

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