Nicotine regulates cocaine‐amphetamine‐Regulated Transcript (Cart) in the mesocorticolimbic system

Kaya, Egemen; Gozen, Oguz; Ugur, Müzeyyen; Koylu, Ersin O.; Kanıt, Lütfiye; Balkan, Bedih

doi:10.1002/syn.21903

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Probes were labeled in the 5′ with 6‐carbossi‐fluorescein‐rhodamine (FAM) and in the 3′ end with Black Hole Quencher1 (BHQ1). qPCR was performed in a LightCycler 480 System using LightCycler 480 Probes Master (Roche Applied Science) according to thermocycler conditions recommended by the manufacturer for 96‐well plates as described previously (Kaya et al, ; Tapinc et al, ). The thermocycling reaction was initiated by activation of Taq DNA Polymerase by heating at 95°C for 5 min, followed by 45 cycles of 10 s at 95°C, 30 s at 60°C, and 1 s at 72°C, using the LightCycler 480 Real‐Time PCR Detection System (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic nicotine-induced changes in gene expression of delta and kappa-opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands in the mesocorticolimbic system of the rat

Ugur

Kaya

Gozen

et al. 2017

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Delta and kappa opioid receptors (DOR and KOR, respectively) and their endogenous ligands, proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN)-derived opioid peptides are proposed as important mediators of nicotine reward. This study investigated the regulatory effect of chronic nicotine treatment on the gene expression of DOR, KOR, PENK and PDYN in the mesocorticolimbic system. Three groups of rats were injected subcutaneously with nicotine at doses of 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 mg/kg/day for 6 days. Rats were decapitated 1 hr after the last dose on day six, as this timing coincides with increased dopamine release in the mesocorticolimbic system. mRNA levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), amygdala (AMG), dorsal striatum (DST), nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Our results showed that nicotine upregulated DOR mRNA in the VTA at all of the doses employed, in the AMG at the 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg doses, and in the DST at the 0.4 mg/kg dose. Conversely, PDYN mRNA was reduced in the LHA with 0.6 mg/kg nicotine and in the AMG with 0.4 mg/kg nicotine. KOR mRNA was also decreased in the DST with 0.6 mg/kg nicotine. Nicotine did not regulate PENK mRNA in any brain region studied.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic nicotine-induced changes in gene expression of delta and kappa-opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands in the mesocorticolimbic system of the rat

Ugur

Kaya

Gozen

et al. 2017

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“…Kaya et al [ 25 ] examined levels of CART mRNA and CARTp in various regions of the reward-related mesocorticolimbic system. After five days of administration of nicotine, various changes were found in various regions.…”

Section: Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

CART Peptides and Drugs of Abuse: A Review of Recent Progress

Kuhar

2016

J Drug Alcohol Res

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Earlier studies suggesting an involvement of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) in the actions of drugs of abuse are confirmed in the most recent publications. This seems especially true for the psychostimulants where CARTp in the nucleus accumbens inhibits or regulates the actions of these drugs; the regulation is lost after repeated drug use which may be an important mechanism in addiction. The other drugs, including nicotine, alcohol, opiates, and perhaps caffeine can affect CARTp or CART mRNA levels. While the exact mechanism is not always clear, the hope is that these findings may provide some insight for the development of medications. While binding studies indicate the existence of specific G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) receptors for CARTp, major work to be done is the cloning of these receptors.

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“…Recently, increased CART mRNA levels were noticed in the amygdala following 5 days of nicotine treatment in rats (Kaya et al . ). Although the mechanism underlying CART's role in cognition is yet to be elucidated, various studies report an abundance of CART and its mRNA, in the hippocampus (Koylu et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Neuropeptide CART prevents memory loss attributed to withdrawal of nicotine following chronic treatment in mice

et al. 2017

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Although chronic nicotine administration does not affect memory, its withdrawal causes massive cognitive deficits. The underlying mechanisms, however, have not been understood. We test the role of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART), a neuropeptide known for its procognitive properties, in this process. The mice on chronic nicotine treatment/withdrawal were subjected to novel object recognition task. The capability of the animal to discriminate between the novel and familiar objects was tested and represented as discrimination index (DI); reduction in the index suggested amnesia. Nicotine for 49 days had no effect on DI, but 8-hour withdrawal caused a significant reduction, followed by full recovery at 24-hour withdrawal timepoint. Bilateral CART infusion in dorsal hippocampus rescued deficits in DI at 8-hours, whereas CART-antibody infusion into the dorsal hippocampus attenuated the recovery at 24-hours. Commensurate changes were observed in the CART as well as CART mRNA profiles in the hippocampus. CART mRNA expression and the peptide immunoreactivity did not change significantly following chronic nicotine treatment. However, there was a significant reduction at 8-hour withdrawal, followed by a drastic increase in CART immunoreactivity as well as CART mRNA at 24-hour withdrawal, compared with 8-hour withdrawal. Distinct α7-nicotinic receptor immunoreactivity was detected on the hippocampal CART neurons, suggesting cholinergic inputs. An increase in the synaptophysin immunoreactive elements around CART cells in the dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis 3 and subiculum at 24-hour post-withdrawal timepoint suggested neuronal plasticity. CART circuit dynamics in the hippocampus seems to modulate short-term memory associated with nicotine withdrawal.

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Nicotine regulates cocaine‐amphetamine‐Regulated Transcript (Cart) in the mesocorticolimbic system

Cited by 8 publications

References 83 publications

Chronic nicotine-induced changes in gene expression of delta and kappa-opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands in the mesocorticolimbic system of the rat

Chronic nicotine-induced changes in gene expression of delta and kappa-opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands in the mesocorticolimbic system of the rat

CART Peptides and Drugs of Abuse: A Review of Recent Progress

Neuropeptide CART prevents memory loss attributed to withdrawal of nicotine following chronic treatment in mice

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