Nicotine increases sensory gating measured as inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in rats

Acri, Jane B.; Morse, David E.; Popke, E.Jon; Grunberg, Neil E.

doi:10.1007/bf02244861

Cited by 118 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…More interestingly, PPI enhancements might reflect an improvement in preattentional and executive functions. In support of this possibility, such a phenomenon has been consistently shown for nicotine (Acri et al, 1994;Kumari et al, 1996), a well known enhancer of executive behaviors (Granon et al, 2003). Further studies are warranted to qualify the significance of TPM-mediated PPI enhancement.…”

Section: Intrinsic Effects Of Tpm On Prepulse Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effects of Topiramate on the Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle in Rats

Frau

Orrù

Fà

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The anticonvulsant topiramate (TPM) has been recently proposed as a novel adjuvant therapy for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, yet its efficacy remains controversial. As both disorders are characterized by gating deficits, we tested the effects of TPM on the behavioral paradigm of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response, a validated animal model of sensorimotor gating. TPM (10, 18, 32, 58, 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.) enhanced PPI in rats in a dose-dependent fashion, prevented the PPI reduction mediated by the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg, subcutaneous, s.c.) and potentiated the effects of the antipsychotic drugs haloperidol (0.05, 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) and clozapine (2.5, 5 mg/kg, i.p.). Conversely, TPM elicited no significant effect on the PPI disruption mediated by the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (0.05, 0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) and surprisingly antagonized the attenuation of dizocilpine-induced PPI disruption mediated by clozapine (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Our results suggest that TPM may exert diverse actions on the neural substrates of sensorimotor gating. While the pharmacological mechanisms of such effects are still elusive, our findings might contribute to shed light on some controversies on the therapeutic action of TPM, and point to this drug as a putative novel adjuvant therapy for some clusters of gating disturbances.

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Section: Intrinsic Effects Of Tpm On Prepulse Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effects of Topiramate on the Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle in Rats

Frau

Orrù

Fà

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…For example, in an assessment of 13 strains of mice with widely varying startle response magnitudes and amount of PPI, there was no clear relationship between magnitude of the startle response and percent PPI (Paylor and Crawley 1997). Also, doses of nicotine that increase startle reactivity actually increase PPI (Acri et al 1994;Schreiber et al 2002). Furthermore, in previous work and in the present study, haloperidol increased PPI in the NR1 −/− mice, but did not alter the exaggerated startle reactivity in the mutants when no prepulse was presented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typical and atypical antipsychotic drug effects on locomotor hyperactivity and deficits in sensorimotor gating in a genetic model of NMDA receptor hypofunction

Duncan

Moy

Lieberman

et al. 2006

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Psychotomimetic effects of NMDA antagonists in humans suggest that NMDA receptor hypofunction could contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. A mouse line that expresses low levels of the NMDA R1 subunit (NR1) of the NMDA receptor was generated to model endogenous NMDA hypofunction. These mutant mice show increased locomotor activity, increased acoustic startle reactivity and deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle. The present study examined effects of a typical antipsychotic drug, haloperidol, and two atypical antipsychotic drugs (olanzapine and risperidone) on behavioral alterations in the NR1 hypomorphic (NR1 −/−) mice. Haloperidol significantly reduced activity in the wild type controls at each dose tested (.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg). The NR1 −/− mice were less sensitive to the haloperidol-induced locomotor inhibition in comparison to the NR1 +/+ mice. In contrast to haloperidol, olanzapine reduced the hyperactivity in the NR1 −/− mice at a dose that produced minimal effects on locomotor activity in the wild type mice. These data suggest that non-dopaminergic blocking properties of olanzapine contribute to the drug's ability to reduce hyperactivity in the NR1 deficient mice. In the PPI paradigm, haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) did not affect the increased startle reactivity in the NR1 −/− mice, but did reduce startle amplitude in the NR1 +/+ mice. Haloperidol increased PPI in both the mutant and wild type strains. Unlike haloperidol, risperidone (0.3 mg/kg) and olanzapine (3 mg/kg) reduced startle magnitude in both NR1 +/+ and NR1 −/− mice. Like haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine increased PPI in both NR1 +/+ and NR1 −/− mice. The similar effects of these atypical antipsychotic drugs in wild type mice and mice with markedly reduced NR1 expression suggest that the drugs were not working by a NMDA receptor-dependent mechanism to increase PPI. Since both haloperidol and the atypical drugs increased PPI, it is likely that D 2 dopamine receptor blockade is responsible for the drug effects on sensorimotor gating.

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“…Like fear conditioning, PPI is dependent on the hippocampus [3,36,49,54,67,85] and thus may serve as a control for general deficits in hippocampal function during nicotine withdrawal. PPI is a phenomenon in which a low threshold initial stimulus, called a pre-pulse, suppresses subsequent responding to a startling stimulus [40] and is used as a measure of sensory gating [2,23,79]. Acute nicotine enhances PPI in smokers and non-smokers in humans [17][18][19] and animals [2,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PPI is a phenomenon in which a low threshold initial stimulus, called a pre-pulse, suppresses subsequent responding to a startling stimulus [40] and is used as a measure of sensory gating [2,23,79]. Acute nicotine enhances PPI in smokers and non-smokers in humans [17][18][19] and animals [2,30]. In humans, withdrawal from chronic nicotine is associated with deficits in PPI that can be reversed by an acute dose of nicotine [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine withdrawal disrupts both foreground and background contextual fear conditioning but not pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in C57BL/6 mice

André

Gulick

Portugal

et al. 2008

Behavioural Brain Research

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Nicotine withdrawal is associated with multiple symptoms such as anxiety, increased appetite, and disrupted cognition in humans. Although animal models have provided insights into the somatic and affective symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, less research has focused on the effects of nicotine withdrawal on cognition. Therefore, in this study, C57BL/6 mice were used to test the effects of withdrawal from chronic nicotine on foreground and background contextual fear conditioning, which present the context as a primary or secondary stimulus, respectively. Mice withdrawn from 12 days of chronic nicotine (6.3 mg/kg/day) or saline were trained and tested in either foreground or background contextual fear conditioning; nicotine withdrawal-associated deficits in contextual fear conditioning were observed in both conditions. Mice were also tested for the effects of withdrawal on pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (PPI), a measure of sensory gating, and on the acoustic startle reflex. Mice withdrawn from 12 days of chronic nicotine (6.3 or 12.6 mg/kg/day) or saline underwent one 30-minute PPI and startle session; no effect of withdrawal from chronic nicotine on PPI or startle was observed for either dose at 24 hours after nicotine removal. Therefore, mice were tested at different time points following withdrawal from 12.6 mg/kg/day chronic nicotine (8, 24, and 48 hours after nicotine removal). No effect of withdrawal from chronic nicotine was observed at any time point for PPI. Overall, these results demonstrate that nicotine withdrawal disrupts two methods of contextual learning but not sensory gating in C57BL/6 mice.

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Nicotine increases sensory gating measured as inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in rats

Cited by 118 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of Topiramate on the Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle in Rats

Effects of Topiramate on the Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle in Rats

Typical and atypical antipsychotic drug effects on locomotor hyperactivity and deficits in sensorimotor gating in a genetic model of NMDA receptor hypofunction

Nicotine withdrawal disrupts both foreground and background contextual fear conditioning but not pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in C57BL/6 mice

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