Nicotine gum enhances visual processing in healthy nonsmokers

Fernandes, Thiago P.; Almeida, Natalia L.; Silva, Gabriella M.; Santos, Natanael Antônio dos

doi:10.1007/s11682-021-00461-4

Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

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Acetylcholine and noradrenaline enhance foraging optimality in humans

Doren,

Chung,

Grueschow

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Foraging theory prescribes when optimal foragers should leave the current option for more rewarding alternatives. Actual foragers often exploit options longer than prescribed by the theory, but it is unclear how this foraging suboptimality arises. We investigated whether the upregulation of cholinergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic systems increases foraging optimality. In a double-blind, between-subject design, participants (N = 160) received placebo, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist nicotine , a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor reboxetine , or a preferential dopamine reuptake inhibitor methylphenidate , and played the role of a farmer who collected milk from patches with different yield. Across all groups, participants on average overharvested. While methylphenidate had no effects on this bias, nicotine, and to some extent also reboxetine, significantly reduced deviation from foraging optimality, which resulted in better performance compared to placebo. Concurring with amplified goal-directedness and excluding heuristic explanations, nicotine independently also improved trial initiation and time perception. Our findings elucidate the neurochemical basis of behavioral flexibility and decision optimality and open unique perspectives on psychiatric disorders affecting these functions.

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Acetylcholine and noradrenaline enhance foraging optimality in humans

Doren,

Chung,

Grueschow

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Effect of Low Dose Nicotine on Working Memory and Positive Emotion in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Samnia

Yousefi

Mahdavi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background The persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment are more likely to develop dementia. This condition can lead to permanent memory impairment and dementia if left untreated. So far, several non-pharmacological treatments have been used to prevent the progression of this disorder, but their effectiveness needs to be further investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of low dose nicotine on working memory and positive emotion in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with a control group. Fifty male patients referred to neurology clinics in Tabriz city were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups. Data collection tools included Wechsler Memory Scale (WISC-IV) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Data were analyzed using SPSS software ver. 24. Results The findings indicated that the mean scores of working memory and positive emotion in experimental group were not statistically significantly different from the control group before intervention (P > 0.05). But after intervention the mean scores of working memory and positive emotion in experimental group were statistically significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The study findings indicated that low dose nicotine enhances working memory and increases positive emotions in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Therefore, the findings of this study can be used in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with mild cognitive disorders.

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Nicotine gum enhances visual processing in healthy nonsmokers

Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

Acetylcholine and noradrenaline enhance foraging optimality in humans

Acetylcholine and noradrenaline enhance foraging optimality in humans

The Effect of Low Dose Nicotine on Working Memory and Positive Emotion in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

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