Nicotine Exposure Exacerbates Development of Cataracts in a Type 1 Diabetic Rat Model

Tirgan, Nima; Kulp, Gabriela A.; Gupta, Praveena; Boretsky, Adam; Wiraszka, Tomasz A.; Godley, Bernard F.; Tilton, Ronald G.; Motamedi, Massoud

doi:10.1155/2012/349320

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although our model does not encompass the breadth of toxic components found in cigarette smoke, nicotine alone has been shown to promote pathological effects on the retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptors and cells in the outer nuclear layer in mice (37). Chronic nicotine toxicity has also been shown to increase the severity of induced choroidal neovascularization(36), diabetic nephropathy(48) and cataract development(49) in multiple experimental rodent models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Accelerates Diabetes-Induced Retinal Changes

Boretsky¹,

Gupta

Tirgan

et al. 2014

Current Eye Research

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Purpose: To investigate the effects of nicotine on retinal alterations in early stage diabetes in an established rodent model. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were examined using a combination of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography to determine changes in retinal structure in response to nicotine exposure, diabetes and the combined effects of nicotine and diabetes. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin and nicotine injections were administered subcutaneously daily. Retinal thickness in the superior, inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants were determined based on SD-OCT volume scans (20° × 20°) centered on the optic disc. Segmentation of discrete retinal layers was performed on a subset of SD-OCT cross-sections to further examine changes in each treatment group. Survival of neurons within the ganglion cell layer (GCL) was assessed by confocal morphometric imaging. Results: The control group did not experience any significant change throughout the study. The nicotine treatment group experienced an average decrease in total retinal thickness (TRT) of 9.4 μm with the majority of the loss localized within the outer nuclear layer (ONL) as determined by segmentation analysis (P < 0.05). The diabetic group exhibited a trend toward decreased TRT while segmentation analysis of the DR group revealed significant thinning within the ONL (P < 0.05). The combination of nicotine and diabetes revealed a significant increase of 8.9 μm in the TRT (P < 0.05) accompanied by a decrease in the number of GCL neurons. Conclusions: We demonstrated significant temporal changes in retinal morphology in response to nicotine exposure, diabetes and with the combined effects of nicotine and diabetes. These findings may have implications in determining treatment strategies for diabetic patients using products containing nicotine such as cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, electronic cigarettes, or smoking cessation products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Accelerates Diabetes-Induced Retinal Changes

Boretsky¹,

Gupta

Tirgan

et al. 2014

Current Eye Research

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“…[ 79 ] In animal model, spraguely Dawley rats with type 1 diabetes treated with nicotine, developed cataract. [ 80 ] Thus the syngergistic relationship between nicotine and glucose metabolism exaggerating diabetes might cause accelerated cataract formation. There is synergistic relationship between nicotine and glucose metabolism which increases the risk of diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Ocular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmful effects of nicotine

Mishra

Chaturvedi

Datta

et al. 2015

Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol

265

133

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With the advent of nicotine replacement therapy, the consumption of the nicotine is on the rise. Nicotine is considered to be a safer alternative of tobacco. The IARC monograph has not included nicotine as a carcinogen. However there are various studies which show otherwise. We undertook this review to specifically evaluate the effects of nicotine on the various organ systems. A computer aided search of the Medline and PubMed database was done using a combination of the keywords. All the animal and human studies investigating only the role of nicotine were included. Nicotine poses several health hazards. There is an increased risk of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal disorders. There is decreased immune response and it also poses ill impacts on the reproductive health. It affects the cell proliferation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA mutation by various mechanisms which leads to cancer. It also affects the tumor proliferation and metastasis and causes resistance to chemo and radio therapeutic agents. The use of nicotine needs regulation. The sale of nicotine should be under supervision of trained medical personnel.

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“…In people with diabetes, nicotine accelerates clouding of the eye lens. It may intensify cataract formation [20]. • The digestive system -nicotine can be the cause of gastroesophageal reflux or gastric ulcers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of n‪icotine on oral health

Preuss¹,

Aniko-Włodarczyk²,

Kuligowski³

et al. 2018

BJHPA

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Background: Nicotine absorbed by the skin and also by the digestive, respiratory and excretory systems is one of the most known toxins found in tobacco. This work reviews available literature on the influence of nicotine on human health, and in particular on the oral cavity.Material/Methods: A review of literature related to the topic of the paper. Results:Numerous studies indicate that nicotine adversely affects human health. It exerts a negative effect at the cellular level by modifying metabolism, and disturbs the interactions between tissues, which strongly promotes the formation of cancer-like changes. Nicotine causes numerous pathologies in the respiratory, immune, and cardiovascular systems leading to a number of metabolic disorders. Conclusions:The intake of nicotine contained in tobacco products has a particularly negative effect on the oral cavity.It accelerates periodontitis, with weaker clinical symptoms associated with resistance to conventional treatment. In addition, nicotine changes the oral cavity microflora, increasing the amount of harmful bacteria and pathogenic fungi.

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Nicotine Exposure Exacerbates Development of Cataracts in a Type 1 Diabetic Rat Model

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Nicotine Accelerates Diabetes-Induced Retinal Changes

Nicotine Accelerates Diabetes-Induced Retinal Changes

Harmful effects of nicotine

The effect of n‪icotine on oral health

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