Nicotine dependence, socioeconomic status, lifestyle behaviours and lifetime quit attempts among adult smokers in South Africa

Ayo‐Yusuf, Olalekan A.; Omole, Olufemi B.

doi:10.7196/samj.2020.v110i8.13466

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…In this study, we tried to assess the extent of dependence on nicotine using a Fagerstrom test, as there are not enough studies on this subject in Libya due to the regional conditions and the influence of many social and economic factors. Our findings are consistent with past research [12][13][14][15][16][17]. We noticed an increase in the smoking rate among smokers for physical rather than psychological reasons, previous studies mentioned the same reasons among smokers [18][19][20].In the early morning hours, more than at any other time [21] for reasons mentioned by smokers such as mood, intense desire and a feeling of comfort, it is consistent with what was previously reported [22][23][24].The results showed an increase in the number of cigarettes per day for smokers, which gives an indication of dependence as mentioned in previous studies [25,26].While they were unable to stop during the period of illness, as well as in public places, [27] in accordance with what was mentioned.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Assessment of Tobacco Dependence in Al-Bayda City, Libya

Gazi

Shamata

2021

JSRR

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Tobacco is the second leading cause of the death in adults in the world today. This is because of tobacco dependence. Therefore, aim of this study is to assess the level of nicotine dependence through a small random group of smokers in the city of Al-Bayda using the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and to know the extent of desire to quit and take action. The study included 150 male smokers, with an age group ranging between 18-60 years, in the period between February and June 2020 through a questionnaire containing six questions from the Fagerstrom test and collected smoking risks and presence of smoking cessation medications. Data were collected and statistically evaluated using chi-square. Most of the participants had a family history, they were smoking imitating brother, father and friends. The average number of cigarettes consumed was more than 31 cigarettes per day, with a 5-minute time difference being the highest. The rate of desire to smoke was observed in the morning hours more than others. The proportion was also high for those who were unable to stop in public even while ill. Most of them are aware of the existence of drugs that help in smoking cessation. As for the attempts to quit, there were attempts during different periods of time, most of which failed due to physical and social reasons. Most of the results indicate a high rate of dependence among smokers, for reasons that may be social and economic. Therefore, we need more data and a wider study area through health centers and try to understand the reasons for returning to smoking and treating them. work to validate reliability.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Assessment of Tobacco Dependence in Al-Bayda City, Libya

Gazi

Shamata

2021

JSRR

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“…alcohol) 24 , which makes nicotine dependence more severe, promoting continued smoking and fewer quit attempts in this population group 25 . The CPD patterns in this study highlight a few issues -they confirm previous analyses that most smokers in South Africa are 'light smokers' and may therefore be motivated to quit, if offered brief advice 26 . Also the association between higher number of smoked CPD and higher socioeconomic status (SES), reflected in this study as having attained greater than high school education and living in urban areas, may suggest higher level of dependence among those of higher SES, which is consistent with what was recently reported in South Africa 26 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Smoking cessation advice and quit attempts in South Africa between 2007 and 2017: A cross-sectional study

Ayo‐Yusuf¹,

Omole²

2021

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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daily smoking has decreased from 42% to 37% among men, and 11% to 8% among women 6,7. However, smoking rates remain unacceptably high among the Colored (mixed ancestry) population, where it is reported to be 49.3% among men and 38.1% among women, in 2017. In addition, an estimated 51.2% and 10.4% of tobacco and non-tobacco users, respectively, are still regularly exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home or outside of home. In 2010, the Conference of Parties (CoP) to the WHO Framework convention on tobacco control ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine trends in receiving quit advice from healthcare professionals among current smokers in South Africa, pre-and post-adoption of Article 14 guidelines of the WHO FCTC in 2010, and to determine the association between quit advice, e-cigarette use and quit attempt. METHODS This study was a secondary data analysis involving 2206 ever-smokers aged ≥16 years who participated in the South African Social Attitude Surveys conducted in 2007, 2010 and 2017. Data included participants' sociodemographics, tobacco, and/or e-cigarette use (for years 2010 and 2017 only), exposure to others' smoking at home and/or work or public places, quit advice, and quit attempts. Analyses included chi-squared test and logistic regression. RESULTS The mean cigarettes smoked per day, the proportions of smokers offered quit advice, planning to quit and who made a quit attempt did not change significantly between 2007 and 2017 (p=0.67, p=0.70, p=0.09 and p=0.40, respectively). However, there was a marginally significant increase in e-cigarette uptake between 2010 and 2017 (p=0.05). In a bivariate analysis, quit advice was significantly associated with making a quit attempt across all survey years. In the final multivariable-adjusted regression model, having received a quit advice (OR=1.967; 95% CI: 1.255-3.083) compared to not, and being Colored/mixed race (OR=0.467; 95% CI: 0.298-0.732) compared to self-identifying as Black African, remained independently associated with making a quit attempt. CONCLUSIONS Except for marginally increased e-cigarette use, there was no significant change in smoking or quitting behavior in South Africa post-adoption of Article 14 guidelines. The study findings highlight the importance of quit advice in promoting quitting behavior and suggest the need to scale it up in South Africa.

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“…Results of the present study also showed that the amount of smoking, smoking behavioral dependence, and less physical activity were factors likely to lead to greater levels of nicotine dependence. Agreement between results of prior studies supports the assumption that nicotine acts in the brain through neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which cause cigarette cravings and withdrawal symptoms, ultimately leading to restarting smoking (Ayo‐Yusuf & Omole, 2020; Scheidl et al, 2021). Previous studies have also found that physical activity or exercise can alleviate the negative effects of withdrawal symptoms and decrease smoking behavior (Klinsophon et al, 2020; Soreca et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Based on this framework, we assumed that nicotine dependence is affected by patients’ disease characteristics, personal smoking behaviors, physical activity, physical and social–emotional function, social support, and psychological distress. Previous studies of nicotine dependence among patients have indicated that biological factors include higher behavioral dependence (Scheidl et al, 2021), less physical activity (Ayo‐Yusuf & Omole, 2020), and reduced physical function (Fidai et al, 2019). Psychological factors include lower social–emotional function (Buu et al, 2021), and greater degrees of depression (Buu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of physical and psychosocial function post‐treatment among oral cancer patients with low‐to‐moderate and high nicotine dependence

Peng

Lee

Huang

et al. 2021

J of Nursing Scholarship

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Purpose: After suddenly stopping smoking after an initial oral cancer (OC) diagnosis, patients may restart smoking and nicotine dependence. This study sought to identify factors associated with high nicotine dependence in OC patients who restarted smoking post-treatment. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: A group of 220 OC patients who restarted smoking post-treatment were recruited from the outpatient radiation department of a single cancer center in northern Taiwan. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, and patients were assessed for nicotine and smoking dependence, physical activity and function, socio-emotional function, social support, and depression.Results: Among patients who restarted smoking after treatment for OC, 75.9% reported low-to-moderate dependence on smoking, while 24.1% reported high nicotine dependence. Factors associated with high nicotine dependence included higher incidence of smoking per day, greater dependence on smoking, less physical activity per week, and poorer social-emotional function. Those highly dependent on nicotine were younger, unmarried, had less education, and had begun smoking earlier than those with low-to-moderate nicotine dependence. Conclusions:The amount of smoking per day, greater smoking behavioral dependence, less physical activity per week, and worse social-emotional function affected high nicotine dependence.Clinical relevance: Smoking cessation training and counseling for OC patients may help them better control their use of tobacco after treatment.

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Nicotine dependence, socioeconomic status, lifestyle behaviours and lifetime quit attempts among adult smokers in South Africa

Abstract: This open-access article is distributed under Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0.

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Assessment of Tobacco Dependence in Al-Bayda City, Libya

Assessment of Tobacco Dependence in Al-Bayda City, Libya

Smoking cessation advice and quit attempts in South Africa between 2007 and 2017: A cross-sectional study

Comparison of physical and psychosocial function post‐treatment among oral cancer patients with low‐to‐moderate and high nicotine dependence

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