Nicotine dependence, PTSD symptoms, and depression proneness among male and female smokers

Thorndike, Frances P.; Wernicke, Rachel; Pearlman, Michelle; Haaga, David A. F.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.04.023

Cited by 60 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Smith et al, 1999 Descriptive Oklahoma city residents reported higher rates of (1) trauma exposure, (2) PTSD symptoms, (3) smoking, (4) increased smoking, and (5) smoking initiation compared to Indianapolis residents. Thorndike et al, 2006 Regression Among men, nicotine dependence levels were positively associated with total PTSD symptoms as well as the hyperarousal, avoidance, and reexperiencing symptoms, even after statistically controlling for depression proneness and past history of major depressive episodes among men. These relations were not apparent among women.…”

Section: Author(s)/ Year Analytic Approach Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Smoking, traumatic event exposure, and post-traumatic stress: A critical review of the empirical literature☆

Feldner¹,

Babson²,

Zvolensky³

2007

Clinical Psychology Review

232

184

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The current review critically examines the extant empirical literature focused on the associations among cigarette smoking, trauma, and posttraumatic stress. Inspection of the extant literature suggests smoking rates are significantly higher among persons exposed to a traumatic event relative to those without such exposure. Moreover, smoking rates appear particularly high among persons with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In terms of the direction of this relation, evidence most clearly suggests posttraumatic stress is involved in the development of smoking. Significantly less is known about the role of trauma and PTSD in terms of cessation outcome. Limitations of extant work, clinical implications, and key directions for future study are delineated. Keywordssmoking; posttraumatic stress; comorbidity; trauma; PTSD Cigarette smoking continues to be one of the leading preventable causes of death and disease in the U.S., resulting in healthcare costs that rank among the highest in the country [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS), 2004]. Large-scale efforts targeting smoking cessation have helped address this problem (USDHHS, 2000), but the negative impact of smoking is still widely evident. For example, more than 1 in 5 (22%) adults [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2004] and almost 1 in 4 (24%) youth (Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2004) in the U.S. currently smoke. Moreover, though smokers often are motivated to quit, the majority (approximately 90-95% of self-quitters and 60-80% of those in treatment programs) relapse (Cohen et al., 1989). Scholars have suggested smokers who fail at quitting may have unique attributes that increase their probability of smoking (Hughes, 1993;Pomerleau, 1997). Although various characteristics may increase the risk of relapse (e.g., heavier smoking levels), psychological disorders and related vulnerability factors have increasingly been recognized as playing a prominent role in quit success (Hughes, 1993;Zvolensky & Bernstein, 2005; Zvolensky, Bernstein, Marshall, & Feldner, in press).Smokers with anxiety disorders represent a common, albeit understudied, segment of the smoking population who are at heightened risk for relapse . For example, Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Dr. Matthew T. Feldner, Intervention Sciences Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Department of Psychology, 216 Memorial Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, 479-575-4256 (phone), 479-575-3219 (facsimile). Electronic mail may be sent to mfeldne@uark.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the jo...

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Section: Author(s)/ Year Analytic Approach Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Thorndike, Wernicke, Pearlman, and Haaga (2006) examined the relations between nicotine dependence levels, PTSD symptoms, and gender among daily smokers. Participants were excluded on the basis of current depressive episodes and moderate levels of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory scores ≥ 16; Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking, traumatic event exposure, and post-traumatic stress: A critical review of the empirical literature☆

Feldner¹,

Babson²,

Zvolensky³

2007

Clinical Psychology Review

232

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In agreement with our results, human studies also showed that PTSD symptoms are altered by nicotine dependence. For example, several studies have shown that severity of nicotine dependence was correlated with total PTSD symptoms (Thorndike et al 2006). There is also evidence showing that PTSD patients show altered contextual information processing during extinction (Rougemont-Bücking et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smoking rates among PTSD patients (45.3%) are significantly higher than the nonclinical population (22.5%, Ziedonis et al 2008). In addition, a significant positive correlation exists between smoking and PTSD symptoms and the severity of PTSD symptoms is predicted by daily number of cigarettes smoked (Thorndike et al 2006;Greenberg et al 2012). Beyond PTSD, smoking rates increase when healthy individuals encounter stressful/anxiogenic situations (Pomerleau and Pomerleau 1987).…”

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confidence: 97%

Acute nicotine enhances spontaneous recovery of contextual fear and changes c-fos early gene expression in infralimbic cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala

et al. 2016

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Exposure therapy, which focuses on extinguishing fear-triggering cues and contexts, is widely used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, PTSD patients who received successful exposure therapy are vulnerable to relapse of fear response after a period of time, a phenomenon known as spontaneous recovery (SR). Increasing evidence suggests ventral hippocampus, basolateral amygdala, and infralimbic cortex may be involved in SR. PTSD patients also show high rates of comorbidity with nicotine dependence. While the comorbidity between smoking and PTSD might suggest nicotine may alter SR, the effects of nicotine on SR of contextual fear are unknown. In the present study, we tested the effects of acute nicotine administration on SR of extinguished contextual fear memories and c-fos immediate early gene immunohistochemistry in mice. Our results demonstrated that acute nicotine enhanced SR of extinguished fear whereas acute nicotine did not affect retrieval of unextinguished contextual memories. This suggests that the effect of acute nicotine on SR is specific for memories that have undergone extinction treatment. C-fos immunoreactive (IR) cells in the ventral hippocampus and basolateral amygdala were increased in the nicotine-treated mice following testing for SR, whereas the number of IR cells in the infralimbic cortex was decreased in the same group. Overall, this study suggests that nicotine may adversely affect context-specific relapse of fear memories and this effect is potentially mediated by the suppression of cortical regions and increased activity in the ventral hippocampus and amygdala.

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“…Depressive symptoms also demonstrate a strong relationship with smoking behavior and nicotine dependence [13,14]. However, the potential confound of depression has been accounted for in a limited number of studies on trauma exposure and smoking [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Trauma Exposure and Smoking in a Population-Based Sample of Young Adults

Roberts

Fuemmeler

McClernon

et al. 2008

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose-To evaluate the relationship between smoking and trauma exposure in a populationbased, longitudinal sample. Contrary to current smoking trends in the general population, recent findings indicate continued high smoking rates in trauma-exposed samples.Methods-A nationally representative sample of 15,197 adolescents was followed from 1995 (mean age=15.6) to 2002 (mean age=22) as part of 3 waves of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). We examined the relation between self-reported trauma exposure and smoking behaviors (lifetime regular, current regular), nicotine dependence (Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND)), number of cigarettes per day, and age of onset of regular smoking.Results-Controlling for demographics and depressive symptoms, exposure to traumatic events yielded a significant increase in the odds of lifetime regular smoking. Nicotine dependence and cigarettes smoked per day was also significantly related to exposure to Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse. Decreased age of regular smoking onset was seen for those reporting Childhood Physical Abuse and Childhood Sexual Abuse.Conclusions-Exposure to traumatic life events during childhood and young adulthood increases the risk of smoking, highlighting the need to prevent and treat tobacco use in this vulnerable population.

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Nicotine dependence, PTSD symptoms, and depression proneness among male and female smokers

Cited by 60 publications

References 24 publications

Smoking, traumatic event exposure, and post-traumatic stress: A critical review of the empirical literature☆

Smoking, traumatic event exposure, and post-traumatic stress: A critical review of the empirical literature☆

Acute nicotine enhances spontaneous recovery of contextual fear and changes c-fos early gene expression in infralimbic cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala

Association Between Trauma Exposure and Smoking in a Population-Based Sample of Young Adults

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