Nicotine Blood Levels and Short-term Smoking Reduction with an Electronic Nicotine Delivery System

Nides, Mitchell; Leischow, Scott J.; Bhatter, Meghna; Simmons, Michael

doi:10.5993/ajhb.38.2.12

Cited by 100 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Of these, 13 articles met inclusion criteria for this review [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. One article reported on the clinical outcomes of interest (two cases of MI) [49].…”

Section: Research Question #2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One article reported on the clinical outcomes of interest (two cases of MI) [49]. Eleven articles measured heart rate and BP after EC exposure [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. In 5 of these articles, investigators followed participants for at least 1 week [49,[57][58][59][60], but in 7 articles, authors only reported acute outcomes (changes over b 5 h of exposure) [50][51][52][53][54][55][56].…”

Section: Research Question #2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the five articles that reported on cardiovascular outcomes among EC users followed longitudinally [49,[57][58][59][60] (Table 1), follow-up periods ranged from 7 days to 1 year. One double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) of fair quality assigned 300 smokers (110 women) to one of three arms [58].…”

Section: Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two poor quality case series (uncontrolled longitudinal studies) and one fair quality randomized crossover study provided current smokers with ECs and followed them for 7-14 days [57,59,60]. In the first report, investigators provided 15 smokers (5 women) with ECs containing 0.0144-mg nicotine/0.8-mL e-liquid [57].…”

Section: Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigators measured BP and heart rate at baseline and day 14 and reported no statistically significant changes to either parameter, but no values were reported. The second case series provided 29 smokers (10 women) with an EC containing a 26-mg nicotine/mL e-liquid cartridge [59]. Participants used ECs for 20 min at the study site then used them as they wished for 7-10 days with no restrictions on conventional cigarette use.…”

Section: Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormonal contraception among electronic cigarette users and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review

et al. 2016

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Background: Women who use combined hormonal contraceptives and cigarettes have an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. We reviewed the literature to determine whether women who use hormonal contraceptives (HC) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) also have an increased risk. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: We searched for articles reporting myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, venous thromboembolism, peripheral arterial disease or changes to CV markers in women using e-cigarettes and HC. We also searched for indirect evidence, such as CV outcomes among e-cigarette users in the general population and among HC users exposed to nicotine, propylene glycol or glycerol. Results: No articles reported on outcomes among e-cigarette users using HC. Among the general population, 13 articles reported on heart rate or blood pressure after e-cigarette use. These markers generally remained normal, even when significant changes were observed. In three studies, changes were less pronounced after e-cigarette use than cigarette use. One MI was reported among 1012 people exposed to ecigarettes in these studies. One article on nicotine and HC exposure found both exposures to be significantly associated with acute changes to heart rate, though mean heart rate remained normal. No articles on propylene glycol or glycerol and HC exposure were identified. Conclusion: We identified no evidence on CV outcomes among e-cigarette users using HC. Limited data reporting mostly acute outcomes suggested that CV events are rare among e-cigarette users in the general population and that e-cigarettes may affect heart rate and blood pressure less than conventional cigarettes. There is a need for research assessing joint HC and e-cigarette exposure on clinical CV outcomes.

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Section: Research Question #2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Question #2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormonal contraception among electronic cigarette users and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review

et al. 2016

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Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction

McRobbie

Bullen

Hartmann‐Boyce

et al. 2014

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

440

296

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Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation

Hartmann‐Boyce

McRobbie

Bullen

et al. 2016

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

652

439

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Background Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are electronic devices that heat a liquid into an aerosol for inhalation. The liquid usually comprises propylene glycol and glycerol, with or without nicotine and flavours, and stored in disposable or refillable cartridges or a reservoir. Since ECs appeared on the market in 2006 there has been a steady growth in sales. Smokers report using ECs to reduce risks of smoking, but some healthcare organizations, tobacco control advocacy groups and policy makers have been reluctant to encourage smokers to switch to ECs, citing lack of evidence of efficacy and safety. Smokers, healthcare providers and regulators are interested to know if these devices can help smokers quit and if they are safe to use for this purpose. This review is an update of a review first published in 2014. Objectives To evaluate the safety and effect of using ECs to help people who smoke achieve long-term smoking abstinence. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CEN-TRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO for relevant records from 2004 to January 2016, together with reference checking and contact with study authors. Selection criteria We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which current smokers (motivated or unmotivated to quit) were randomized to EC or a control condition, and which measured abstinence rates at six months or longer. As the field of EC research is new, we also included cohort follow-up studies with at least six months follow-up. We included randomized cross-over trials, RCTs and cohort follow-up studies that included at least one week of EC use for assessment of adverse events (AEs). Data collection and analysis We followed standard Cochrane methods for screening and data extraction. Our main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow-up, and we used the most rigorous definition available (continuous, biochemically validated, longest follow-up). We used a fixed-effect Mantel-Haenszel model to calculate the risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for each study, and where appropriate we pooled data from these studies in meta-analyses.

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Nicotine Blood Levels and Short-term Smoking Reduction with an Electronic Nicotine Delivery System

Abstract: The NJOY® King Bold ENDS delivers nicotine and led to short-term smoking reduction.

Cited by 100 publications

References 19 publications

Hormonal contraception among electronic cigarette users and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review

Hormonal contraception among electronic cigarette users and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review

Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction

Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation

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