Nicotinalviide and Related Compounds as Essential Growth Substances for Dysentery Bacilli

Dorfman, Albert; Koser, Stewart A.; Reames, Harold R.; Swingle, Karl F.; Saunders, Felix

doi:10.1093/infdis/65.2.163

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…It should be noted also that the titration curve of the amount of nicotinic acid required for lactate utilization corresponds exactly with that given by Dorfman, Koser et al (1939), for S. paradysenteriae (Flexner) in their synthetic glucose-containing medium. It is obvious, therefore, that our S-K peptone does not contain nicotinic acid.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…It is obvious, therefore, that our S-K peptone does not contain nicotinic acid. The conclusion drawn by Koser (1939) and his coworkers that nicotinic acid is essential for growth appears to be due to the fact that they were working with glucose- containing media only, and glucose in the absence of nicotinic acid has an inhibiting effect on growth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Function of Nicotinic Acid in Bacterial Metabolism

Kligler

Grossowicz

1941

J Bacteriol

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In our previous publications Grossowicz 1938, 1939) we showed that nicotinic acid plays an essential part in the carbohydrate metabolism of certain members of the colon-typhoid group of bacteria-particularly Salmonella paratyphi A, Shigella dysenteriae and some strains of the Flexner type of dysentery. Our results indicated that nicotinic acid was not a growth factor in the limited sense, because growth occurred in its absence, but that it played the part of a codehydrase making available to the organism a source of energy which it could not use in the absence of nicotinic acid.The experiments reported in this paper were designed to test these findings and to account for the apparent contradiction between our results and those reported by Koser in his studies on Shigella paradysenteriae. EXPERIMENTAL MethodsThe same medium was used as in the preceding study. The basic salt mixture was sterilized by filtration through a Seitz filter and a sterile solution of S-K peptone added to give a concentration of 0.3 per cent. This peptone proved useful for these studies because available tests showed that it was free of nicotinic acid, or at any rate that the amount was less than that demonstrable by bacteriologic methods. To this basic medium were added the substances to be tested. Since many of our experiments were made with lactate (which is fermented aerobically) small Erlenmeyer flasks were used instead of test tubes. 173 on July 15, 2020 by guest

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Function of Nicotinic Acid in Bacterial Metabolism

Kligler

Grossowicz

1941

J Bacteriol

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“…Four strains of Shigella paradysenteriae were used: Flexner 76, Strong 3, Sonne 8 and Sonne 269. These strains had been used in previous work in this laboratory and in numerous tests over the past several years always required nicotinamide (Koser, Dorfman and Saunders, 1938;Dorfman et al, 1939). The last three strains grow readily in an ammonium-salt-glucose medium with the added accessory factor.…”

Section: Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Variation of Nicotinamide Requirement of Dysentery Bacilli

Koser

Wright

1943

J Bacteriol

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With increasing knowledge of vitamin requirements and of vitamin synthesis by various groups of microorganisms the question of variation with respect to such factors naturally arises. On the basis of findings thus far it seems reasonably clear that such variation occurs under natural conditions. In every instance in which a number of representative strains of the same group or of the same species has been studied, some difference has been found in the requirement between strains as they first come under laboratory cultivation. While the majority consistently show a certain definite requirement, a few differ and either are less exacting or exhibit added requirements. It is usually assumed that these differences have arisen at some time in the past history of the microorganism. At present we have little information as to the conditions or time required to effect such changes.With respect to metabolites other than the vitamins, such as amino acids and sugars, it is now well recognized that the nutritional requirement and the enzyme equipment of the bacterial cell can be changed at times by alteration of the substrate.Concerning the vitamins, evidence based on experimental work is quite limited but there are several reports which show that changes of similar nature can be brought about by altering the conditions of laboratory cultivation. Wood, Anderson and Werkman (1938) found that several transfers in a basal medium deficient in thiamin were sufficient to "train" a strain of Propionibacterium pentosaceum to dispense with thiamin. The "trained" culture synthesized appreciable quantities of the vitamin, as determined by microbiological methods (Silverman and Werkman, 1939). Leonian and Lilly (1942) succeeded in inducing ten strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to grow readily without several factors which were originally needed for prompt growth. Thiamin, pyridoxine, inositol and pantothenic acid could be dispensed with, so that in most cases only biotin was needed and even biotin could be omitted in one instance. Evidently this adaptation was brought about quite readily, four to seven passages usually sufficing to obtain growth in the absence of a given vitamin. Evidence was advanced to show that after such "training" the yeasts synthesized the omitted factors.An interesting example of the opposite sort, representing a loss rather than a gain of synthetic ability has been reported (Beadle and Tatum, 1941;Tatum and Beadle, 1942). By x-ray treatment, mutant strains of Neurospora were obtained 1 This investigation was aided by a grant from the Dr.

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“…Until recently, little was known in regard to the more specific growth require-ments of the various species of the genus Shigella. The observations of Koser and his associates (102,50), therefore, are of particular interest. These authors found that many Flexner and Sonne dysentery bacilli either failed to grow or grew only poorly in a basic medium consisting of 15 amino acids, glucose and inorganic salts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%