“…1–3 The significance of wind and solar energy as leading examples of the emerging new energy paradigm has increased in this setting. 4–6 The intermittent nature of these renewable energy sources, however, poses significant obstacles to their practical application, especially in the absence of trustworthy energy storage systems. 7–9 Consequently, the development and fabrication of energy storage devices, including batteries encompassing lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, lithium–ion, lithium–air, and lithium–sulfur chemistries, as well as supercapacitors, emerges as the pivotal factor for resolving the prevailing energy crisis.…”