Nickel-titanium alloys: Stress-related temperature transitional range

Pseudoelasticity and thermoelasticity of nickel-titanium alloys: A clinically oriented review. Part II: Deactivation forces

“…The control of the temperature in the experimental setting requires proper equipment such as thermostats and insulated chambers. 35 As a simpler alternative approach, numerous experiments have been performed at room temperature. However, one has to consider that wires with a temperature transitional range (TTR) located at average oral temperature (35°C) are partially martensitic, so that in mechanical tests conducted at room temperature they will perform as superelastic wires and deliver low forces.…”

Effect of short-time direct current heating on phase transformation and superelasticity of Ti–50.8at.%Ni alloy

“…Owing to this unique property, these wires have been used in a wide range of practical applications, most notably as orthodontic arch wires in biomedical area [2][3][4]. TiNi arch wires have the most mildly force delivery and are highly popular in clinical use [5].…”

Nickel-Titanium Closed-coil Springs. Evaluation of the clinical plateau

“…Nickel-titanium (NiTi) super-elastic (SE) closed-coil springs are used in fixed orthodontic treatment to move teeth. They are particularly useful when a wide working range under constant force is required, and NiTi springs close gaps faster and more fluently than do elastic modules [1][2][3][4].…”