“…From this perspective, conducting polymers combined with low loading of metallic species are good candidates for high-performance electrocatalysts due to their interesting structural and physical properties (Ghosh et al, 2015(Ghosh et al, , 2016(Ghosh et al, , 2017Wang et al, 2016a;Ramohlola et al, 2018). Among those polymers, polyaniline (PANI) has received tremendous attention in recent years in (bio)electrochemistry to be directly used as an electrode or indirectly as a supporting material (Wu et al, 2011;Silva et al, 2013;Boeva and Sergeyev, 2014;Xu and Minteer, 2014;Wang et al, 2016a;Cao et al, 2017;Torres et al, 2017;Feng et al, 2018;Masibi et al, 2018;Ramohlola et al, 2018;Shendkar et al, 2018;Bai et al, 2019). Torres and co-workers have shown that upon the introduction of Ni in a PANI-based electrode, the exchange current density (j 0 ) increases from 0.35 to 3.47 µA cm −2 , which indicates that the ability of electron transfer (driving force in electrocatalysis) is about one magnitude higher (Torres et al, 2017).…”