Nickel Phosphide/Silica Catalysts for the Gas‐Phase Hydrogenation of Furfural to High–Added–Value Chemicals

Abstract

A series of Ni2P‐based catalysts supported on a commercial silica with a metallic Ni loading of 5–20 wt. % and an initial P/Ni molar ratio of 0–3 was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. Catalyst precursors were reduced and characterized by using XRD, CO chemisorption, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption, N2 adsorption–desorption at −196 °C, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and then tested in the gas‐phase hydrogenation of furfural. Almost full furfural conversion and a 2‐methylfuran yield of 73 % can be achieved with the Ni2P‐based catalyst with a Ni content of 15 wt. % at 190 °C after 5 h of time on stream. The high selectivity towards 2‐methylfuran is attributed to both the high hydrogenating capacity of the metallic sites to lead to furfuryl alcohol and the presence of reduced P species that favor the hydrogenolysis process. However, catalysts undergo deactivation along the catalytic test because of the formation of carbonaceous deposits in the form of coke and adsorption of reactants and/or products.

Highly Active Mesoporous Cu−Al2O3 Catalyst for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Furfural to 2‐methylfuran

“…Then, the catalytic performance was examined at 230°C, WHSV = 1.5 h À 1 , and H 2 :FUR molar ratio = 40.8 (H 2 flow = 35 mL min À 1 ) for 8 h (indicated by colored bars in Figure 1a), similar to conditions of previous studies. [18,26] While i20CA exhibited the poorest activity under these conditions, similar activities were found for m20CA and p20CA, leading to further stability testing at 250°C while the other parameters were the same. As a result, significant differences in selectivity and stability were observed over 24 h of reaction time ( Figure 1b).…”

“…It also could be used as a reaction medium in dehydration of lignocellulosic pentose to FUR and in HDO of FUR into 2MF . Moreover, diluted furfural was preferred in our system to avoid the polymerization of furfural that possibly causes the line blockage in the continuous reactor . Owing to the use of CPME, the carbon balance was in the range of 95–98 % in all reaction runs.…”

“…[35] Moreover, diluted furfural was preferred in our system to avoid the polymerization of furfural that possibly causes the line blockage in the continuous reactor. [26] Owing to the use of CPME, the carbon balance was in the range of 95-98 % in all reaction runs. The product was condensed and collected for analysis using a GC equipped with an FID.…”

Metal Catalysts for the Efficient Transformation of Biomass‐derived HMF and Furfural to Value Added Chemicals

“…Biomass‐derived furans such as 2‐furfuraldehyde (furfural) and 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural (HMF) can be efficiently produced by the acid‐catalysed dehydration of pentose and hexose, respectively . As furans have highly reactive side chains, ‐CHO and/or ‐CH 2 OH with furan ring, these can be explored for the production of different C5, C6 or higher carbon containing valuable chemicals such as 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 2‐furoic acid, levulinic acid (LA), ketones/diketones, 1,6‐hexanediol (1,6‐HDO), 1‐hydroxyhexane‐2,5‐dione (1‐HHD), cyclopentanone (CPO), adipic acid, maleic anhydride (MA), caprolactam, caprolactone, γ‐valerolactone, 2,5‐dimethylfuran (DMF), alkanes and so on, having wide applications in various pharmaceutical and polymer industries as well as in the production of fuel components …”

Effect of reduction temperature on the structure and hydrodesulfurization performance of Na doped Ni2P/MCM-41 catalysts

“…2 Supported transition metal phosphides have recently received extensive attention as a new family of non-sulded HDS catalysts due to their high activity and stability for the HDS of petroleum feedstocks. 3,4 Among these HDS catalysts, supported Ni 2 P has shown better HDS performance and thus are good candidates for deep HDS, [5][6][7] and it was found that the HDS activity of Ni 2 P catalysts was remarkably enhanced when it was supported on MCM-41. In conventional TPR method, the oxidic precursors were obtained mainly by the impregnation of (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 (or NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) and Ni(NO 3 ) 2 solutions, then dried, calcined.…”