Nickel Hydroxides

McBreen, J.

doi:10.1002/9783527611676.ch6

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The effects of structural disorder can have very important practical consequences. For example, well-crystallized β-Ni(OH) 2 has lower electrochemical activity than disordered β-Ni(OH) 2 materials [6]. However, the relationship between structural disorder and the measured properties is not always clear.…”

Section: (B) Structural Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydrated, electrochemically active form of the material has been given the representation [Ni(H 2 O) x ](OH) 2 , where 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 [46,47]. The water molecules are weakly associated with the nickel cations and do not form hydrogen bonds with the lattice hydroxide [6,[47][48][49]. One way to assess the amount of hydration is through thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) that involves the measurement of a sample's mass as its temperature, T, is slowly increased ( T/ t is fixed and the sample mass is plotted against T) or as a function of time (T is fixed and mass is plotted against time).…”

Section: (I) Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixed hydroxides (e.g. Ni 1−x Mn x (OH) 2 ), which may be used in NiCd or NiMH battery anodes, are easily prepared by chemical precipitation [6]. This is a common step in the synthesis of materials for Li-ion battery electrodes (e.g.…”

Section: (A) Chemical Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the complete picture is somewhat more nuanced, the original scheme, sometimes with one or two more arrows added (such as the γ-NiOOH → β-Ni(OH) 2 transition in figure 1), remains a good overall description of the processes that occur at nickel hydroxide battery electrodes. Today, nickel-based batteries are ubiquitous, including nickel-cadmium (NiCd) and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) technologies [5,6]. Recently, McBreen reviewed the applications of nickel hydroxides in modern battery technologies [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, nickel-based batteries are ubiquitous, including nickel-cadmium (NiCd) and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) technologies [5,6]. Recently, McBreen reviewed the applications of nickel hydroxides in modern battery technologies [6]. But nickel hydroxides are no longer limited to laboratories investigating batteries and corrosion processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties

et al. 2015

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This review article summarizes the last few decades of research on nickel hydroxide, an important material in physics and chemistry, that has many applications in engineering including, significantly, batteries. First, the structures of the two known polymorphs, denoted as α-Ni(OH) 2 and β-Ni(OH) 2 , are described. The various types of disorder, which are frequently present in nickel hydroxide materials, are discussed including hydration, stacking fault disorder, mechanical stresses and the incorporation of ionic impurities. Several related materials are discussed, including intercalated α-derivatives and basic nickel salts. Next, a number of methods to prepare, or synthesize, nickel hydroxides are summarized, including chemical precipitation, electrochemical precipitation, sol-gel synthesis, chemical ageing, hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis, electrochemical oxidation, microwaveassisted synthesis, and sonochemical methods. Finally, the known physical properties of the nickel hydroxides are reviewed, including their magnetic, vibrational, optical, electrical and mechanical properties. The last section in this paper is intended to serve as a summary of both the potentially useful properties of these materials and the methods for the identification and characterization of 'unknown' nickel hydroxide-based samples.

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Section: (B) Structural Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (I) Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (A) Chemical Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties

et al. 2015

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Structure–Activity Correlations in a Nickel–Borate Oxygen Evolution Catalyst

et al. 2012

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An oxygen evolution catalyst that forms as a thin film from Ni(aq)(2+) solutions containing borate electrolyte (Ni-B(i)) has been studied by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. A dramatic increase in catalytic rate, induced by anodic activation of the electrodeposited films, is accompanied by structure and oxidation state changes. Coulometric measurements correlated with X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra of the active catalyst show that the nickel centers in activated films possess an average oxidation state of +3.6, indicating that a substantial proportion of nickel centers exist in a formal oxidation state of Ni(IV). In contrast, nickel centers in nonactivated films exist predominantly as Ni(III). Extended X-ray absorption fine structure reveals that activated catalyst films comprise bis-oxo/hydroxo-bridged nickel centers organized into sheets of edge-sharing NiO(6) octahedra. Diminished long-range ordering in catalyst films is due to their ostensibly amorphous nature. Nonactivated films display a similar oxidic nature but exhibit a distortion in the local coordination geometry about nickel centers, characteristic of Jahn-Teller distorted Ni(III) centers. Our findings indicate that the increase in catalytic activity of films is accompanied by changes in oxidation state and structure that are reminiscent of those observed for conversion of β-NiOOH to γ-NiOOH and consequently challenge the long-held notion that the β-NiOOH phase is a more efficient oxygen-evolving catalyst.

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Hydrogen transfer through different crystal phases of nickel oxy/hydroxide

Elbaz

Furman

Toroker

2018

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Nickel hydroxide phases are common in several energy conversion devices including battery electrochemical cell electrodes. These materials have a unique layered structure that may facilitate hydrogen transfer between oxygen sites and allow using this material also for proton conducting fuel cells. In order to assess this functionality, we use Density Functional Theory+U together with the Nudged Elastic Band method to calculate minimum energy diffusion paths and hydrogen vacancy formation energies of different crystal phases of NiOOH including β-NiOOH, β-Ni(OH)2 and α-Ni(OH)2. We follow several diffusion paths and mechanisms in several phases, both across layers and through them. We pin down the reason for efficient diffusion laterally on a layer and explain why diffusion through a layer is impossible. Our results suggest that hydrogen transfer may be possible for the β-NiOOH phase with hydrogen added interstitially and transferred along the layers. This study significantly advances our understanding of diffusion in an uncommonly structured material.

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Nickel Hydroxides

Cited by 3 publications

References 74 publications

Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties

Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties

Structure–Activity Correlations in a Nickel–Borate Oxygen Evolution Catalyst

Hydrogen transfer through different crystal phases of nickel oxy/hydroxide

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