Nickel-hydrogen batteries - An overview

Facile Fabrication of Bifunctional Hydrogen Catalytic Electrodes for Long-Life Nickel–Hydrogen Gas Batteries

“…The growing energy and climate crisis has driven the development of renewable energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution . Hydrogen energy and reliable large-scale energy storage technologies with low levelized cost of storage (LCOS) are critical for future renewable energy development. − Historically, Ni–H 2 batteries based on the platinum catalytic anode display outstanding durability over 40 000 cycles, which have reliably served aerospace systems for over four decades. − The typical Ni–H 2 battery is composed of a durable Ni­(OH) 2 cathode in conversion reactions of Ni­(OH) 2 /NiOOH and a hydrogen anode in HER/HOR catalytic reactions in strong alkaline electrolytes. , Unlike water splitters and fuel cells, which require very high current densities (>1 A cm –2 ) for HER or HOR, mild current requirements of the Ni–H 2 battery make the hydrogen catalytic anode very durable because it only provides a surface on which the H 2 –H 2 O redox reactions can occur. − In addition to the ultralong service life, the Ni–H 2 chemistry possesses excellent characteristics of intrinsic safety and maintenance-free and all-climate attributes. − However, Pt anodes with high loading of 1–10 mg Pt cm –2 are needed in space Ni–H 2 cells due to strict space mission criteria in which the cost is not a major concern. − More importantly, the HER/HOR activities of platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts drop approximately 100-fold when changing the electrolyte from acidic to alkaline …”

Multifunctional Nickel–Cobalt Phosphates for High-Performance Hydrogen Gas Batteries and Self-Powered Water Splitting

“…Due to their unprecedented long service life, rechargeable hydrogen gas batteries are becoming promising aqueous battery systems for large-scale energy storage applications. − The development of rechargeable hydrogen gas batteries can be traced back to the nickel–hydrogen gas (Ni–H 2 ) batteries from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) . This Ni–H 2 battery consists of a Ni­(OH) 2 cathode and a Pt-based catalytic H 2 anode that works in a KOH alkaline electrolyte.…”

“…9−15 The development of rechargeable hydrogen gas batteries can be traced back to the nickel−hydrogen gas (Ni−H 2 ) batteries from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). 14 This Ni−H 2 battery consists of a Ni(OH) 2 cathode and a Ptbased catalytic H 2 anode that works in a KOH alkaline electrolyte. It showed excellent advantages including long cycle life of over 30,000 cycles with service life over 30 years in high reliability-demanding space applications and high endurance under harsh conditions such as sub-zero temperatures.…”

Technologies for spacecraft electric power systems

“…The breakthrough that made this revolution in LEO was the use of 26% potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the electrolyte instead of 31% KOH and the use of catalytic wall wicks. 32 ' 33 In turn, these breakthroughs in LEO designs could be used to improve the performance of GEO satellites. Certainly, lifetimes of 40,000 cycles at 60-80% DODs for LEO cycles may open the door to new uses of NiH 2 batteries in GEO.…”

“…Certainly, lifetimes of 40,000 cycles at 60-80% DODs for LEO cycles may open the door to new uses of NiH 2 batteries in GEO. 32 ' 33 NiCd batteries were the early choice for satellites and, for a long time, they were considered a mature, cost-effective technology that also had a strong technical base through use in terrestrial systems. Unfortunately, a series of problems such as degradation of the electrodes and hydrolysis of the separator limited the lifetime and performance of NiCd batteries.…”