Nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for medical applications

Yang, Kè; Ren, Yibin

doi:10.1088/1468-6996/11/1/014105

Cited by 212 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In addition, skin contacts with nickel during cutting and welding operations may lead to dermatitis in allergenic subjects [111,112]. Similar effects have been also observed in people wearing inexpensive jewelry or using stainless steel accessories [113]. The sweat present on the skin's surface might cause metal dissolution and subsequent tissue absorption, with potentially harmful local and systemic effects [114].…”

Section: Nickelmentioning

confidence: 87%

Electroplating for Decorative Applications: Recent Trends in Research and Development

et al. 2018

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Electroplating processes are widely employed in industrial environments for a large variety of metallic coatings, ranging from technological to decorative applications. Even if the galvanic electrodeposition is certainly a mature technology, new concepts, novel applications, environmental legislation and the new material requirements for next-generation devices make the scientific research in this field still very active. This review focuses mostly at the decorative and wearable applications, and aims to create a bridge between the past knowledge and the future direction that this process, i.e., electrodeposition, is taking. Both the theoretical fundamentals as well as some of the most widespread practical applications-limited to metallic and alloy coatings-are explored. As an integral part of the industrial process, we take a look at the main techniques thought which the quality control of deposits and surfaces is carried out. Finally, global industrial performance and research directions towards sustainable solutions are highlighted.

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Section: Nickelmentioning

confidence: 87%

Electroplating for Decorative Applications: Recent Trends in Research and Development

et al. 2018

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“…Replacing Ni with other alloying elements while maintaining the stability of austenitic phase, corrosion resistance, magnetism and workability, has lead to the use of nitrogen creating FeCrN, FeCrMoN and FeCrMnMoN systems. The high strength which has been achieved opens the possibility for reduction of implant sizes where limited anatomical space is often an issue, for example, coronary stents with finer meshes (Yang, 2010). In CoCr alloys system, maximizing C content to its upper limit and addition of Zr and N with optimal precipitation hardening permit the formation of fine and distributed carbides and the suppression of -phase which in turn improves the wear resistance of cast CoCr alloy (Lee, 2008).…”

Section: New Generation Of Metallic Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals for Biomedical Applications

Hermawan¹,

Ramdan²,

Djuansjah³

2011

Biomedical Engineering - From Theory to Applications

173

125

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Biomedical Engineering -From Theory to Applications 412 visible under X-ray imaging. Most of artificial implants are subjected to loads, either static or repetitive, and this condition requires an excellent combination of strength and ductility. This is the superior characteristic of metals over polymers and ceramics. Specific requirements of metals depend on the specific implant applications. Stents and stent grafts are implanted to open stenotic blood vessels; therefore, it requires plasticity for expansion and rigidity to maintain dilatation. For orthopaedic implants, metals are required to have excellent toughness, elasticity, rigidity, strength and resistance to fracture. For total joint replacement, metals are needed to be wear resistance; therefore debris formation from friction can be avoided. Dental restoration requires strong and rigid metals and even the shape memory effect for better results. In overall, the use of biomaterials in clinical practice should be approved by an authoritative body such as the FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration). The proposed biomaterial will be either granted Premarket Approval (PMA) if substantially equivalent to o n e u s e d b e f o r e F D A l e g i s l a t i o n o f 1 9 7 6 , o r h a s t o g o t h r o u g h a s e r i e s o f g u i d e d biocompatibility assessment. Common metals used for biomedical devicesUp to now, the three most used metals for implants are stainless steel, CoCr alloys and Ti alloys. The first stainless steel used for implants contains ~18wt% Cr and ~8wt% Ni makes it stronger than the steel and more resistant to corrosion. Further addition of molybdenum (Mo) has improved its corrosion resistance, known as type 316 stainless steel. Afterwards, the carbon (C) content has been reduced from 0.08 to 0.03 wt% which improved its corrosion resistance to chloride solution, and named as 316L. Titanium is featured by its light weight. Its density is only 4.5g/cm 3 compared to 7.9g/cm 3 for 316 stainless steel and 8.3g/cm 3 for cast CoCrMo alloys (Brandes and Brook, 1992). Ti and its alloys, i.e. Ti6Al4V are known for their excellent tensile strength and pitting corrosion resistance. Titanium alloyed with Ni, i.e. Nitinol, forms alloys having shape memory effect which makes them suitable in various applications such as dental restoration wiring. In dentistry, precious metals and alloys often used are Au, Ag, Pt and their alloys. They possess good castability, ductility and resistance to corrosion. Included into dental alloys are AuAgCu system, AuAgCu with the addition of Zn and Sn known as dental solder, and AuPtPd system used for porcelain-fused-to-metal for teeth repairs. CoCr alloys have been utilised for many decades in making artificial joints. They are generally known for their excellent wear resistance. Especially the wrought CoNiCrMo alloy has been used for making heavily loaded joints such as ankle implants (Figure 1). Other metals used for implants include tantalum (Ta), amorphous alloys and biodegradable metals. Tantalum which has excell...

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“…Азот, как легирующий элемент ВАС, превосходит другие эле-менты по аустенитообразующей и упрочняющей спо-собности, поэтому использование азота в сталях позво-ляет решать проблемы экономии дорогих и дефицитных легирующих элементов, таких как никель, ванадий, кобальт и др. [4,5]. Однако существует две проблемы при выплавке ВАС: как получить высокое (до 1 % -здесь и далее концентрации приведены в мас.%) содержание азота в расплаве, когда растворимость азота при атмо-сферном давлении не превышает 0.3 %, и как удержать азот в растворе при кристаллизации.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

High-nitrogen 23Cr9Мn1N steel manufactured by aluminothermy under nitrogen pressure: structure and mechanical properties

Sapegina¹,

Дорофеев²,

Mokrushina³

et al. 2017

LoM

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High-nitrogen steels are promising materials possessing a combination of high properties of strength, ductility and corrosion resistance. However, a powerful and complex equipment is required for the production of high-nitrogen steels by metallurgy methods under high nitrogen pressure. From energy-saving viewpoint, one of alternative and more attractive techniques is aluminothermy or reduction of metal oxides by metallic aluminum. The high temperature synthesis process occurs in this case due to the chemical energy of exothermic oxidation-reduction reaction. In the present work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-nitrogen steel 23Cr9Мn1N (wt.%) produced by aluminothermic SHS-metallurgy under nitrogen pressure using thermodynamic modeling are investigated. The melt was saturated with nitrogen simultaneously from the gas phase and chromium nitrides in the charge. As-cast steel has ferrite-austenitic structure with indications of austenite discontinuous decomposition with Cr 2 N precipitations. The average grain size of the steel is about 16 μm. Forging at T = 1150 -1170°C of the cast steel leads to a refinement of the structure and increase of the austenite fraction in the steel. After heat treatment of the forged sample (quenching in water from 1200°C), there is a single austenite phase. The analysis of change of austenite FCC lattice parameter in the process of structure evolution under hot plastic deformation and heat treatment is carried out. Investigation of mechanical properties shows a combination of high values of strength and plasticity of steel after quenching. A conclusion is drawn that by aluminothermy one can obtain high-nitrogen steel, which has mechanical properties not worse than those of steel obtained by electroslag remelting under a nitrogen pressure. Высокоазотистые стали являются перспективными материалами, обладающими сочетанием высоких свойств проч-ности, пластичности и коррозионной стойкости. Однако для производства высокоазотистой стали методами ме-таллургии под высоким давлением азота требуется энергоемкое и сложное оборудование. С точки зрения энерго-сбережения альтернативным и более привлекательным является метод алюминотермии, восстановления оксидов металлов металлическим алюминием. Высокотемпературный процесс синтеза при этом протекает за счет химиче-ской энергии экзотермической окислительно-восстановительной реакции. В работе исследованы микроструктура и механические свойства высокоазотистой стали 23Cr9Мn1N (мас.%), полученной алюминотермическим методом СВС-металлургии под давлением азота с использованием термодинамического моделирования. Насыщение распла-ва азотом происходило одновременно из газовой фазы и с помощью нитридов хрома в составе шихты. В литом состоянии стали формируется феррито-аустенитная структура с признаками прерывистого распада аустенита с вы-делением Cr 2 N. Средний размер зерна стали ~16 мкм. Ковка при T = 1150 -1170°C литой стали приводит к измель-чению структуры и увеличению доли аустенита в стали. После термообработки кованого образца (закалк...

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Nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for medical applications

Cited by 212 publications

References 81 publications

Electroplating for Decorative Applications: Recent Trends in Research and Development

Electroplating for Decorative Applications: Recent Trends in Research and Development

Metals for Biomedical Applications

High-nitrogen 23Cr9Мn1N steel manufactured by aluminothermy under nitrogen pressure: structure and mechanical properties

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